- Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation is required for horizontallyacquired virulence gene expression in Salmonella Typhimurium
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Hyojeong Koo , Eunna Choi , Shinae Park , Eun-Jin Lee , Jung-Shin Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):823-831. Published online May 27, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2095-y
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Salmonella Typhimurium is a Gram-negative facultative pathogen
that causes a range of diseases, from mild gastroenteritis
to severe systemic infection in a variety of animal
hosts. S. Typhimurium regulates virulence gene expression
by a silencing mechanism using nucleoid-associated proteins
such as Histone-like Nucleoid Structuring protein (H-NS)
silencing. We hypothesize that the posttranslational modification,
specifically protein acetylation, of proteins in gene
silencing systems could affect the pathogenic gene expression
of S. Typhimurium. Therefore, we created acetylation-deficient
mutant by deleting two genes, pat and pta, which are
involved in the protein acetylation pathway. We observed
that the pat and pta deletion attenuates mouse virulence and
also decreases Salmonella’s replication within macrophages.
In addition, the Δpat Δpta strain showed a decreased expression
of the horizontally-acquired virulence genes, mgtC,
pagC, and ugtL, which are highly expressed in low Mg2+. The
decreased virulence gene expression is possibly due to higher
H-NS occupancy to those promoters because the pat and
pta deletion increases H-NS occupancy whereas the same
mutation decreases occupancy of RNA polymerase. Our results
suggest that Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation
system promotes the expression of virulence genes by regulating
the binding affinity of H-NS in S. Typhimurium.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Reversible acetylation of ribosomal protein S1 serves as a smart switch for Salmonella to rapidly adapt to host stress
Yi-Lin Shen, Tian-Xian Liu, Lei Xu, Bang-Ce Ye, Ying Zhou
Nucleic Acids Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Multi-Lasso Peptide-Based Synergistic Nanocomposite: A High-Stability, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agent with Potential for Combined Antibacterial Therapy
Yu Li, Jinyu Zhang, Ke Wei, Di Zhou, Zepeng Wang, Zhiwei Zeng, Yu Han, Weisheng Cao
ACS Nano.2024; 18(45): 31435. CrossRef
- [MINIREVIEW]Regulation of gene expression by protein lysine acetylation in Salmonella
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Hyojeong Koo , Shinae Park , Min-Kyu Kwak , Jung-Shin Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):979-987. Published online November 17, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0483-8
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Protein lysine acetylation influences many physiological functions,
such as gene regulation, metabolism, and disease in
eukaryotes. Although little is known about the role of lysine
acetylation in bacteria, several reports have proposed its importance
in various cellular processes. Here, we discussed the
function of the protein lysine acetylation and the post-translational
modifications (PTMs) of histone-like proteins in bacteria
focusing on Salmonella pathogenicity. The protein lysine
residue in Salmonella is acetylated by the Pat-mediated enzymatic
pathway or by the acetyl phosphate-mediated non-enzymatic
pathway. In Salmonella, the acetylation of lysine 102
and lysine 201 on PhoP inhibits its protein activity and DNAbinding,
respectively. Lysine acetylation of the transcriptional
regulator, HilD, also inhibits pathogenic gene expression.
Moreover, it has been reported that the protein acetylation
patterns significantly differ in the drug-resistant and
-sensitive Salmonella strains. In addition, nucleoid-associated
proteins such as histone-like nucleoid structuring protein
(H-NS) are critical for the gene silencing in bacteria, and
PTMs in H-NS also affect the gene expression. In this review,
we suggest that protein lysine acetylation and the post-translational
modifications of H-NS are important factors in understanding
the regulation of gene expression responsible
for pathogenicity in Salmonella.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Global Insights into the Lysine Acetylome Reveal the Role of Lysine Acetylation in the Adaptation of Bacillus altitudinis to Salt Stress
Xujian Li, Shanshan Dai, Shanshan Sun, Dongying Zhao, Hui Li, Junyi Zhang, Jie Ma, Binghai Du, Yanqin Ding
Journal of Proteome Research.2025; 24(1): 210. CrossRef - The concentration of medium-chain fatty acids in breast milk is influenced by maternal diet and associated with gut microbiota in infants
Menglu Xi, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Sufang Duan, Ting Li, Yalu Yan, Xia Ma, Ting Sun, Weilian Hung, Celi Yang, Yonghua Zhang, Ai Zhao
Journal of Functional Foods.2025; 128: 106782. CrossRef - Reversible acetylation of ribosomal protein S1 serves as a smart switch for Salmonella to rapidly adapt to host stress
Yi-Lin Shen, Tian-Xian Liu, Lei Xu, Bang-Ce Ye, Ying Zhou
Nucleic Acids Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Bacterial protein acetylation: mechanisms, functions, and methods for study
Jocelin Rizo, Sergio Encarnación-Guevara
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Acetyl-proteome profiling revealed the role of lysine acetylation in erythromycin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus
Miao Feng, Xiaoyu Yi, Yanling Feng, Feng He, Zonghui Xiao, Hailan Yao
Heliyon.2024; 10(15): e35326. CrossRef - Short-chain fatty acids in breast milk and their relationship with the infant gut microbiota
Menglu Xi, Yalu Yan, Sufang Duan, Ting Li, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Ai Zhao
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Acetylomics reveals an extensive acetylation diversity within Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nand Broeckaert, Hannelore Longin, Hanne Hendrix, Jeroen De Smet, Mirita Franz-Wachtel, Boris Maček, Vera van Noort, Rob Lavigne
microLife.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Lysine acetylation regulates the AT-rich DNA possession ability of H-NS
Yabo Liu, Mengqing Zhou, Yifan Bu, Liang Qin, Yuanxing Zhang, Shuai Shao, Qiyao Wang
Nucleic Acids Research.2024; 52(4): 1645. CrossRef -
Acetylation of K188 and K192 inhibits the DNA-binding ability of NarL to regulate
Salmonella
virulence
Liu-Qing Zhang, Yi-Lin Shen, Bang-Ce Ye, Ying Zhou, Christopher A. Elkins
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Acetylome and Succinylome Profiling of Edwardsiella tarda Reveals Key Roles of Both Lysine Acylations in Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance
Yuying Fu, Lishan Zhang, Huanhuan Song, Junyan Liao, Li Lin, Wenjia Jiang, Xiaoyun Wu, Guibin Wang
Antibiotics.2022; 11(7): 841. CrossRef - Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation is required for horizontally-acquired virulence gene expression in Salmonella Typhimurium
Hyojeong Koo, Eunna Choi, Shinae Park, Eun-Jin Lee, Jung-Shin Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(8): 823. CrossRef -
Acetylation of CspC Controls the Las Quorum-Sensing System through Translational Regulation of
rsaL
in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Shouyi Li, Xuetao Gong, Liwen Yin, Xiaolei Pan, Yongxin Jin, Fang Bai, Zhihui Cheng, Un-Hwan Ha, Weihui Wu, Pierre Cornelis, Gerald B. Pier
mBio.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Trans-acting regulators of ribonuclease activity
Jaejin Lee, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(4): 341. CrossRef - Acetylation of the CspA family protein CspC controls the type III secretion system through translational regulation ofexsAinPseudomonas aeruginosa
Shouyi Li, Yuding Weng, Xiaoxiao Li, Zhuo Yue, Zhouyi Chai, Xinxin Zhang, Xuetao Gong, Xiaolei Pan, Yongxin Jin, Fang Bai, Zhihui Cheng, Weihui Wu
Nucleic Acids Research.2021; 49(12): 6756. CrossRef - Transcriptional Regulation of the Multiple Resistance Mechanisms in Salmonella—A Review
Michał Wójcicki, Olga Świder, Kamila J. Daniluk, Paulina Średnicka, Monika Akimowicz, Marek Ł. Roszko, Barbara Sokołowska, Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
Pathogens.2021; 10(7): 801. CrossRef
- The functional study of human proteins using humanized yeast
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Seho Kim , Juhee Park , Taekyung Kim , Jung-Shin Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):343-349. Published online April 27, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0136-y
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396
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The functional and optimal expression of genes is crucial
for survival of all living organisms. Numerous experiments
and efforts have been performed to reveal the mechanisms
required for the functional and optimal expression of human
genes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has evolved
independently of humans for billions of years. Nevertheless,
S. cerevisiae has many conserved genes and expression mechanisms
that are similar to those in humans. Yeast is the most
commonly used model organism for studying the function
and expression mechanisms of human genes because it has
a relatively simple genome structure, which is easy to manipulate.
Many previous studies have focused on understanding
the functions and mechanisms of human proteins using
orthologous genes and biological systems of yeast. In this
review, we mainly introduce two recent studies that replaced
human genes and nucleosomes with those of yeast. Here, we
suggest that, although yeast is a relatively small eukaryotic
cell, its humanization is useful for the direct study of human
proteins. In addition, yeast can be used as a model organism
in a broader range of studies, including drug screening.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - A Humanized Yeast Model for Studying TRAPP Complex Mutations; Proof-of-Concept Using Variants from an Individual with a TRAPPC1-Associated Neurodevelopmental Syndrome
Erta Zykaj, Chelsea Abboud, Paria Asadi, Simane Warsame, Hashem Almousa, Miroslav P. Milev, Brittany M. Greco, Marcos López-Sánchez, Drago Bratkovic, Aashiq H. Kachroo, Luis Alberto Pérez-Jurado, Michael Sacher
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Guðjón Ólafsson, Max A B Haase, Jef D Boeke, G Brown
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Peter Polčic, Zdenko Machala
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Patricia Molina-Espeja
Bioengineering.2020; 7(4): 128. CrossRef
- [Protocol]Rapid method for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in a dimorphic fungus, Candida albicans
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Jueun Kim , Jung-Shin Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):11-16. Published online June 11, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9143-2
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A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay is a method
to identify how much a protein of interest binds to the DNA
region. This method is indispensable to study the mechanisms
of how the transcription factors or chromatin modifications
regulate the gene expression. Candida albicans is a dimorphic
pathogenic fungus, which can change its morphology very rapidly
from yeast to hypha in response to the environmental
signal. The morphological change of C. albicans is one of the
critical factors for its virulence. Therefore, it is necessary to
understand how to regulate the expression of genes for C.
albicans to change its morphology. One of the essential methods
for us to understand this regulation is a ChIP assay.
There have been many efforts to optimize the protocol to lower
the background signal and to analyze the results accurately
because a ChIP assay can provide very different results even
with slight differences in the experimental procedure. We
have optimized the rapid and efficient ChIP protocol so that
it could be applied equally for both yeast and hyphal forms of
C. albicans. Our method in this protocol is also comparatively
rapid to the method widely used. In this protocol, we described
our rapid method for the ChIP assay in C. albicans in
detail.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Set1 is a critical transcriptional regulator in response to external signals in Candida albicans
Jueun Kim, Jiyeon Park, Eun-Jin Lee, Yong-Joon Cho, Jung-Shin Lee
Nucleic Acids Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Transcription tuned by S-nitrosylation underlies a mechanism for Staphylococcus aureus to circumvent vancomycin killing
Xueqin Shu, Yingying Shi, Yi Huang, Dan Yu, Baolin Sun
Nature Communications.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Molecular Identification, Dimorphism and Virulence of C. albicans
Mohsen A. Sayed, Gihad A. Sayed, Eman Abdullah M. Ali
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Liu Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Wenqiang Che, Yongjun Yi, Shuoming Zhou, Yongjian Feng
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Qun Zhao, Baodi Dai, Hongyu Wu, Wencheng Zhu, Jiangye Chen
Molecular Microbiology.2022; 118(1-2): 92. CrossRef - Set1-mediated H3K4 methylation is required for Candida albicans virulence by regulating intracellular level of reactive oxygen species
Jueun Kim, Shinae Park, Sohee Kwon, Eun-Jin Lee, Jung-Shin Lee
Virulence.2021; 12(1): 2648. CrossRef
- Erratum] Histone deacetylase-mediated morphological transition in Candida albicans
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Jueun Kim , Ji-Eun Lee , Jung-Shin Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(1):80-80.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8581-1
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Abstract
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In the article by Kim et al. published in Journal of Microbiology 2015; 53, 805–811, the first sentence of 2nd paragraph in the
section of ‘Rpd31: The repressor of hyphal induction and the activator of hyphal extension interacting with Ssn6’ on page 808
should have read: In C. albicans, there are two proteins as the orthologue of S. cerevisiae Rpd3: Rpd31 (orf19.6801, orf19.14093)
and Rpd32 (orf19.2834, orf19.10352) (Hnisz et al., 2009).
And the figure 1 should be corrected as below.
We apologize for any inconvenience that this may have caused.
- MINIREVIEW] Histone deacetylase-mediated morphological transition in Candida albicans
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Jueun Kim , Ji-Eun Lee , Jung-Shin Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(12):805-811. Published online December 2, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5488-3
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355
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Abstract
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Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal
pathogen, which switches its morphology from single-cell
yeast to filament through the various signaling pathways responding
to diverse environmental cues. Various transcriptional
factors such as Nrg1, Efg1, Brg1, Ssn6, and Tup1 are
the key components of these signaling pathways. Since C.
albicans can regulate its transcriptional gene expressions using
common eukaryotic regulatory systems, its morphological
transition by these signaling pathways could be linked
to the epigenetic regulation by chromatin structure modifiers.
Histone proteins, which are critical components of eukaryotic
chromatin structure, can regulate the eukaryotic chromatin
structure through their own modifications such as acetylation,
methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Recent
studies revealed that various histone modifications, especially
histone acetylation and deacetylation, participate in morphological
transition of C. albicans collaborating with well-known
transcription factors in the signaling pathways. Here, we review
recent studies about chromatin-mediated morphological
transition of C. albicans focusing on the interaction between
transcription factors in the signaling pathways and histone
deacetylases.
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