Journal of Microbiology

Review

Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review: Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Md Aminul Islam, Hatem Zayed, Elijah Ige Ohimain, Sang-Soo Lee, Prosun Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Dhama; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):337-354. Published online May 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00138-9

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Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis.

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Phylogenetic analyses of the spread of Clade I MPOX in African and non-African nations
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Arpita Das, Ali S. Abdelhameed
Virus Genes.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of monkeypox virus clades I, II, and goatpox virus
Yongqiang Lin, Zijing Guo, Jinsong Chen, Xianwen Zhang, Long Zhou, Yanmin Li, Zhidong Zhang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(12): 2506. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs: Seok-Chan Park, Da-Eun Jeong, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Joo-Yong Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bumseok Kim, Jun-Gu Kang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):327-335. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y

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Abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.

Microbial co-occurrence network in the rhizosphere microbiome: its association with physicochemical properties and soybean yield at a regional scale: Sarbjeet Niraula , Meaghan Rose , Woo-Suk Chang; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(10):986-997. Published online September 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2363-x

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Abstract

Microbial communities in the rhizosphere play a crucial role in determining plant growth and crop yield. A few studies have been performed to evaluate the diversity and co-occurrence patterns of rhizosphere microbiomes in soybean (Glycine max) at a regional scale. Here, we used a culture-independent
method
to compare the bacterial communities of the soybean rhizosphere between Nebraska (NE), a high-yield state, and Oklahoma (OK), a low-yield state. It is well known that the rhizosphere microbiome is a subset of microbes that ultimately get colonized by microbial communities from the surrounding bulk soil. Therefore, we hypothesized that differences in the soybean yield are attributed to the variations in the rhizosphere microbes at taxonomic, functional, and community levels. In addition, soil physicochemical properties were also evaluated from each sampling site for comparative study. Our result showed that distinct clusters were formed between NE and OK in terms of their soil physicochemical property. Among 3 primary nutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), potassium is more positively correlated with the high-yield state NE samples. We also attempted to identify keystone communities that significantly affected the soybean yield using co-occurrence network patterns. Network analysis revealed that communities formed distinct clusters in which members of modules having significantly positive correlations with the soybean yield were more abundant in NE than OK. In addition, we identified the most influential bacteria for the soybean yield in the identified modules. For instance, included are class Anaerolineae, family Micromonosporaceae, genus Plantomyces, and genus Nitrospira in the most complex module (ME9) and genus Rhizobium in ME23. This research would help to further identify a way to increase soybean yield in low-yield states in the U.S. as well as worldwide by reconstructing the microbial communities in the rhizosphere.

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The rhizosphere microbiome of 51 potato cultivars with diverse plant growth characteristics
Benoit Renaud Martins, Viviane Radl, Krzysztof Treder, Dorota Michałowska, Karin Pritsch, Michael Schloter
FEMS Microbiology Ecology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Response of Soil Microorganisms and Phenolic to Pseudostelariae heterophylla Cultivation in Different Soil Types
Yingying Liu, Dan Wu, Yongjun Kan, Li Zhao, Chang Jiang, Wensheng Pang, Juan Hu, Meilan Zhou
Eurasian Soil Science.2024; 57(3): 446. CrossRef
Analysis of the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of Angelica dahurica var. formosana from different experimental sites and varieties (strains)
Meiyan Jiang, Fei Yao, Yunshu Yang, Yang Zhou, Kai Hou, Yinyin Chen, Dongju Feng, Wei Wu
PeerJ.2023; 11: e15997. CrossRef
Long-term fertilization coupled with rhizobium inoculation promotes soybean yield and alters soil bacterial community composition
Wanling Wei, Dawei Guan, Mingchao Ma, Xin Jiang, Fenliang Fan, Fangang Meng, Li Li, Baisuo Zhao, Yubin Zhao, Fengming Cao, Huijun Chen, Jun Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Reviews

MINIREVIEW] Transcriptional control of sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans: Matthew E. Mead , Christina M. Hull; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(5):339-346. Published online April 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6080-1

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Abstract

Developmental processes are essential for the normal life cycles of many pathogenic fungi, and they can facilitate survival in challenging environments, including the human host. Sexual development of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans not only produces infectious particles (spores) but has also enabled the evolution of new disease-related traits such as drug resistance. Transcription factor networks are essential to the development and pathogenesis of C. neoformans, and a variety of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins control both key developmental transitions and virulence by regulating the expression of their target genes. In this review we discuss the roles of known transcription factors that harbor important connections to both development and virulence. Recent studies of these transcription factors have identified a common theme in which metabolic, stress, and other responses that are required for sexual development appear to have been co-opted for survival in the human host, thus facilitating pathogenesis. Future work elucidating the connection between development and pathogenesis will provide vital insights into the evolution of complex traits in eukaryotes as well as mechanisms that may be used to combat fungal pathogens.

Citations

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Effect of a Mating Type Gene Editing in Lentinula edodes Using RNP/Nanoparticle Complex
Minseek Kim, Minji Oh, Ji-Hoon Im, Eun-Ji Lee, Hojin Ryu, Hyeon-Su Ro, Youn-Lee Oh
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(12): 866. CrossRef
Current Perspectives on Uniparental Mitochondrial Inheritance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Amber R. Matha, Xiaorong Lin
Pathogens.2020; 9(9): 743. CrossRef
Investigation of Mating Pheromone–Pheromone Receptor Specificity in Lentinula edodes
Sinil Kim, Byeongsuk Ha, Minseek Kim, Hyeon-Su Ro
Genes.2020; 11(5): 506. CrossRef
The Evolution of Sexual Reproduction and the Mating-Type Locus: Links to Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus Human Pathogenic Fungi
Sheng Sun, Marco A. Coelho, Márcia David-Palma, Shelby J. Priest, Joseph Heitman
Annual Review of Genetics.2019; 53(1): 417. CrossRef
Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen Rhizopus delemar
Poppy C. S. Sephton-Clark, Jose F. Muñoz, Elizabeth R. Ballou, Christina A. Cuomo, Kerstin Voelz, Aaron P. Mitchell
mSphere.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Activation of the Mating Pheromone Response Pathway ofLentinula edodesby Synthetic Pheromones
Byeongsuk Ha, Sinil Kim, Minseek Kim, Hyeon-Su Ro
Mycobiology.2018; 46(4): 407. CrossRef

MINIREVIEW] Histone deacetylase-mediated morphological transition in Candida albicans: Jueun Kim , Ji-Eun Lee , Jung-Shin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(12):805-811. Published online December 2, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5488-3

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Abstract

Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen, which switches its morphology from single-cell yeast to filament through the various signaling pathways responding to diverse environmental cues. Various transcriptional factors such as Nrg1, Efg1, Brg1, Ssn6, and Tup1 are the key components of these signaling pathways. Since C. albicans can regulate its transcriptional gene expressions using common eukaryotic regulatory systems, its morphological transition by these signaling pathways could be linked to the epigenetic regulation by chromatin structure modifiers. Histone proteins, which are critical components of eukaryotic chromatin structure, can regulate the eukaryotic chromatin structure through their own modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Recent studies revealed that various histone modifications, especially histone acetylation and deacetylation, participate in morphological transition of C. albicans collaborating with well-known transcription factors in the signaling pathways. Here, we review recent studies about chromatin-mediated morphological transition of C. albicans focusing on the interaction between transcription factors in the signaling pathways and histone deacetylases.

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Histone deacetylase Sir2 promotes the systemic Candida albicans infection by facilitating its immune escape via remodeling the cell wall and maintaining the metabolic activity
Chen Yang, Guanglin Li, Qiyue Zhang, Wenhui Bai, Qingiqng Li, Peipei Zhang, Jiye Zhang, Antonio Di Pietro
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Curcumin Epigenetically Represses Histone Acetylation of Echinocandin B Producing Emericella rugulosa
Vandana Kumari, Vinay Kumar, Manisha Kaushal, Antresh Kumar
Physiologia.2023; 3(2): 221. CrossRef
Comparative acetylomic analysis reveals differentially acetylated proteins regulating fungal metabolism in hypovirus‐infected chestnut blight fungus
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Discovery of BRD4–HDAC Dual Inhibitors with Improved Fungal Selectivity and Potent Synergistic Antifungal Activity against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans
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Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2023; 66(8): 5950. CrossRef
BET–HDAC Dual Inhibitors for Combinational Treatment of Breast Cancer and Concurrent Candidiasis
Yahui Huang, Na Liu, Zhizhi Pan, Zhuang Li, Chunquan Sheng
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Effects of Hst3p inhibition in Candida albicans: a genome-wide H3K56 acetylation analysis
Marisa Conte, Daniela Eletto, Martina Pannetta, Anna M. Petrone, Maria C. Monti, Chiara Cassiano, Giorgio Giurato, Francesca Rizzo, Peter Tessarz, Antonello Petrella, Alessandra Tosco, Amalia Porta
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Contributions of a Histone Deacetylase (SirT2/Hst2) to Beauveria bassiana Growth, Development, and Virulence
Qing Cai, Li Tian, Jia-Tao Xie, Dao-Hong Jiang, Nemat O. Keyhani
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Potential antifungal targets based on histones post-translational modifications against invasive aspergillosis
Yiman Li, Zhihui Song, Ente Wang, Liming Dong, Jie Bai, Dong Wang, Jinyan Zhu, Chao Zhang
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A fungal sirtuin modulates development and virulence in the insect pathogen, Beauveria bassiana
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Discovery of Novel Fungal Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51)/Histone Deacetylase Dual Inhibitors to Treat Azole-Resistant Candidiasis
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Protein Acetylation/Deacetylation: A Potential Strategy for Fungal Infection Control
Junzhu Chen, Qiong Liu, Lingbing Zeng, Xiaotian Huang
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Investigating Common Pathogenic Mechanisms between Homo sapiens and Different Strains of Candida albicans for Drug Design: Systems Biology Approach via Two-Sided NGS Data Identification
Shan-Ju Yeh, Chun-Chieh Yeh, Chung-Yu Lan, Bor-Sen Chen
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Diverse roles of Tup1p and Cyc8p transcription regulators in the development of distinct types of yeast populations
Libuše Váchová, Zdena Palková
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Chromatin Profiling of the Repetitive and Nonrepetitive Genomes of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans
Robert Jordan Price, Esther Weindling, Judith Berman, Alessia Buscaino, Antonio Di Pietro
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Na Liu, Jie Tu, Guoqiang Dong, Yan Wang, Chunquan Sheng
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Evidence for Mitochondrial Genome Methylation in the Yeast Candida albicans: A Potential Novel Epigenetic Mechanism Affecting Adaptation and Pathogenicity?
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Yunfang Meng, Yumeng Fan, Wanqing Liao, Xiaorong Lin, Emma R. Master
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Disruption of gul-1 decreased the culture viscosity and improved protein secretion in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
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Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibition in Candida Species
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Negative regulation of the vacuole-mediated resistance to K+ stress by a novel C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor encoded by aslA in Aspergillus nidulans: Dong Soo Park , Yeong Man Yu , Yong Jin Kim , Pil Jae Maeng; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(2):100-110. Published online January 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4701-8

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Abstract

In fungi and plants, vacuoles function as a storage and sequestration vessel for a wide variety of ions and are responsible for cytosolic ion homeostasis and responses to ionic shock. In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, however, little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms of vacuolar biogenesis and function. In the present study, we analyzed the function of the aslA gene (AN5583) encoding a novel C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (TF) in relation to K+ stress resistance, vacuolar morphology, and vacuolar transporters. The mutant lacking aslA showed increased mycelial growth and decreased branching at high K+ concentrations. Deletion of aslA also caused elevated K+ stress-inducible expression of the genes, nhxA (AN2288), vnxA (AN6986), and vcxA (AN0471), encoding putative endosomal and vacuolar cation/H+ exchangers, as well as cpyA and vpsA genes encoding the proteins involved in vacuolar biogenesis. Interestingly, vacuolar fragmentation induced by K+ stress was alleviated by aslA deletion, resulting in persistence of unfragmented vacuoles. In the presence of bafilomycin, an inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPase, the mutant phenotype was suppressed in terms of growth rates and vacuolar morphology. These results together suggest that the C2H2- type zinc finger TF AslA attenuates the K+ stress-inducible expression of the genes encoding the ion pumps involved in vacuolar sequestration of K+ ions powered by vacuolar H+- ATPase, as well as the proteins that function in vacuolar biogenesis.

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The pleiotropic phenotype of FlbA of Aspergillus niger is explained in part by the activity of seven of its downstream-regulated transcription factors
Xiaoyi Chen, Juan P. Moran Torres, Peter Jan Vonk, J. Mirjam A. Damen, Karli R. Reiding, Jan Dijksterhuis, Luis G. Lugones, Han A.B. Wösten
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2024; 172: 103894. CrossRef
Survival Factor A (SvfA) Contributes to Aspergillus nidulans Pathogenicity
Joo-Yeon Lim, Ye-Eun Jung, Hye-Eun Hwang, Cheol-Hee Kim, Nese Basaran-Akgul, Sri Harshini Goli, Steven P. Templeton, Hee-Moon Park
Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(2): 143. CrossRef
A C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein PlCZF1 Is Necessary for Oospore Development and Virulence in Peronophythora litchii
Honghui Zhu, Junjian Situ, Tianfang Guan, Ziyuan Dou, Guanghui Kong, Zide Jiang, Pinggen Xi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(5): 2733. CrossRef
The Gβ-like Protein AfCpcB Affects Sexual Development, Response to Oxidative Stress and Phagocytosis by Alveolar Macrophages in Aspergillus fumigatus
Joo-Yeon Lim, Yeon-Ju Kim, Hee-Moon Park
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(1): 56. CrossRef
Characterization of BbKlf1 as a novel transcription factor vital for asexual and infection cycles of Beauveria bassiana
Rehab Abdelmonem Mohamed, Chong‐Tao Guo, Si‐Yuan Xu, Sheng‐Hua Ying, Ming‐Guang Feng
Environmental Microbiology Reports.2022; 14(5): 719. CrossRef
The LAMMER Kinase, LkhA, Affects Aspergillus fumigatus Pathogenicity by Modulating Reproduction and Biosynthesis of Cell Wall PAMPs
Joo-Yeon Lim, Yeon Ju Kim, Seul Ah Woo, Jae Wan Jeong, Yu-Ri Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Hee-Moon Park
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, MpdA, is required for mannitol production in vegetative cells and involved in hyphal branching, heat resistance of conidia and sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans
Joo-Yeon Lim, Seung-Hyun Jang, Hee-Moon Park
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The putative C2H2 transcription factor RocA is a novel regulator of development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans
Dong Chan Won, Yong Jin Kim, Da Hye Kim, Hee-Moon Park, Pil Jae Maeng
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Survival factor SvfA plays multiple roles in differentiation and is essential for completion of sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans
Joo-Yeon Lim, Eun-Hye Kang, Yun-Hee Park, Jun-Ho Kook, Hee-Moon Park
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Fungal oxylipins direct programmed developmental switches in filamentous fungi
Mengyao Niu, Breanne N. Steffan, Gregory J. Fischer, Nandhitha Venkatesh, Nicholas L. Raffa, Molly A. Wettstein, Jin Woo Bok, Claudio Greco, Can Zhao, Erwin Berthier, Ernst Oliw, David Beebe, Michael Bromley, Nancy P. Keller
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The Cys2His2 zinc finger protein Zfp1 regulates sexual reproduction and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
Cheng-Li Fan, Lian-Tao Han, Su-Ting Jiang, An-Ni Chang, Ze-Yang Zhou, Tong-Bao Liu
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The signal peptide peptidase SppA is involved in sterol regulatory element‐binding protein cleavage and hypoxia adaptation in Aspergillus nidulans
Chinbayar Bat‐Ochir, Jun‐Yong Kwak, Sun‐Ki Koh, Mee‐Hyang Jeon, Dawoon Chung, Yin‐Won Lee, Suhn‐Kee Chae
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A Putative APSES Transcription Factor Is Necessary for Normal Growth and Development of Aspergillus nidulans: Ji-Yeon Lee , Lee-Han Kim , Ha-Eun Kim , Jae-Sin Park , Kap-Hoon Han , Dong-Min Han; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):800-806. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3100-2

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Abstract

The nsdD gene encoding a GATA type transcription factor positively controls sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. According to microarray data, 20 genes that were upregulated by deleting nsdD during various life cycle stages were randomly selected and deleted for functional analysis. None of the mutants showed apparent changes in growth or development compared with those of the wild-type except the AN3154 gene that encodes a putative APSES transcription factor and is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae swi4. Deleting AN3154 resulted in retarded growth and development, and the gene was named rgdA (retared growth and development). The rgdA deletion mutant developed a reduced number of conidia even under favorable conditions for asexual development. The retarded growth and development was partially suppressed by the veA1 mutation. The conidial heads of the mutant aborted, showing reduced and irregular shaped phialides. Fruiting body development was delayed compared with that in the wild-type. The mutant did not respond to various nutritional or environmental factors that affected the development patterns. The rgdA gene was expressed at low levels throughout the life cycle and was not significantly affected by several regulators of sexual and asexual development such as nsdD, veA, stuA, or brlA. However, the rgdA gene affected brlA and abaA expression, which function as key regulators of asexual sporulation, suggesting that rgdA functions upstream of those genes.

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Putative APSES family transcription factor mbp1 plays an essential role in regulating cell wall synthesis in the agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus
Hayase Kojima, Moriyuki Kawauchi, Yuitsu Otsuka, Kim Schiphof, Kenya Tsuji, Akira Yoshimi, Chihiro Tanaka, Shigekazu Yano, Takehito Nakazawa, Yoichi Honda
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The Putative APSES Transcription Factor RgdA Governs Growth, Development, Toxigenesis, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
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Analogous and Diverse Functions of APSES-Type Transcription Factors in the Morphogenesis of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium rileyi
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Essential APSES Transcription Factors for Mycotoxin Synthesis, Fungal Development, and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus
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Isolation and Characterization of Two Methyltransferase Genes, AfuvipB and AfuvipC in Aspergillus fumigatus
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FgFlbD regulates hyphal differentiation required for sexual and asexual reproduction in the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum
Hokyoung Son, Myung-Gu Kim, Suhn-Kee Chae, Yin-Won Lee
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Transcriptional regulation of fksA, a β-1,3-glucan synthase gene, by the APSES protein StuA during Aspergillus nidulans development
Bum-Chan Park, Yun-Hee Park, Soohyun Yi, Yu Kyung Choi, Eun-Hye Kang, Hee-Moon Park
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