Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Flavobacterium psychrotrophum sp. nov. and Flavobacterium panacagri sp. nov., Isolated from Freshwater and Soil: Yong-Seok Kim , Eun-Mi Hwang , Chang-Myeong Jeong , Chang-Jun Cha; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):891-901. Published online October 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00081-1

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Two novel bacterial strains CJ74T and CJ75T belonging to the genus Flavobacterium were isolated from freshwater of Han River and ginseng soil, South Korea, respectively. Strain CJ74T was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, and non-flagellated, and did not produce flexirubin-type pigments. Strain CJ75T was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rodshaped, motile by gliding, and non-flagellated, and produced flexirubin-type pigments. Both strains were shown to grow optimally at 30 °C in the absence of NaCl on R2A medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains CJ74T and CJ75T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and were most closely related to Flavobacterium niveum TAPW14T and Flavobacterium foetidum CJ42T with 96.17% and 97.29% 16S rRNA sequence similarities, respectively. Genomic analyses including the reconstruction of phylogenomic tree, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization suggested that they were novel species of the genus Flavobacterium. Both strains contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the primary respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar lipid. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0 and summed feature 3 ( C16:1 ω7c and/or C16: 1 ω6c). Based on the polyphasic taxonomic study, strains CJ74T and CJ75T represent novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which names Flavobacterium psychrotrophum sp. nov. and Flavobacterium panacagri sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are CJ74T (=KACC 19819T =JCM 32889T) and CJ75T (=KACC 23149T =JCM 36132T).

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Bacterial Model System for Screening and Determining Optimal Concentration of Anti-caries Natural Extracts: Min Jung Kim , Chun Sung Kim , Jae-Yoon Park , Soon-Nang Park , So Young Yoo , Sook-Young Lee , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):165-168. Published online March 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1018-0

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Abstract: In general, an antimicrobial test for screening anti-caries natural extracts was performed by measuring the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the type strains of mutans streptococci. However, it is unclear if the antimicrobial efficiency of natural extracts on the type strains of mutans streptococci is the same on the clinical strains. In this study, we introduced a bacterial model system for the screening of anti-caries and determining the optimal concentration of them to develop oral hygiene products for Korean populations.

Antimicrobial Effect of Korean Propolis Against the Mutans Streptococci Isolated from Korean: Min Jung Kim , Chun Sung Kim , Byung-Hoon Kim , Sang-Bok Ro , Yun Kyong Lim , Soon-Nang Park , Engene Cho , Jang-Hyuk Ko , Soon-Sung Kwon , Yeong-Mu Ko , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):161-164. Published online March 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1002-8

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of Korean propolis against clinical isolates of mutans streptococci (MS) from Koreans. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill curves against mutans streptococci. The MIC90 values of propolis for MS were 35 μg/ml. Propolis had a bacteriostatic effect on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175T and bactericidal effects on Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478T at > 2×MIC (70 μg/ml). These results suggest that the propolis can be used in the development of oral hygiene products for the prevention of dental caries.

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococci from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Cases: Emel Banu Buyukunal Bal , Suleyman Bayar , Mehmet Ali Bal; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):267-274. Published online June 23, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9373-9

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Abstract: The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococci and Streptococci were assessed from subclinical mastitis cases. One hundred Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and 34 Streptoccocci were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus haemolyticus (27%) and Staphylococcus simulans (24%). Susceptible CNS species revealed the highest resistance to penicillin G (58%), ampicillin (48%), neomycin (20%), and oleandomycin (14%). CNS methicillin resistance rates within 82 isolates were 21.95% and 1.22% by disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. These results suggested the disk diffusion
method
was more prone to yield false positives. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA region from the mecA carrying isolate (S. haemolyticus) was homologous with S. haemolyticus sequences/accessions obtained from GenBank. However, the mecA gene sequence from this isolate was more closely allied with the S. aureus mecA gene of human origins. Identical sequence data was acquired from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, suggesting horizontal gene transfer between the two species. CNS β-lactamase activity within 81 isolates was 29.63%. The most frequently isolated Streptococcus species were S. uberis (52%) and S. agalactiae (15%). Oleandomycin was the least effective antimicrobial agent on these isolates with 59% susceptibility. Results indicated that CNS and Streptococci exhibited various antimicrobial resistance responses. Consequently, isolation and identification of udder pathogens in herds suffering from subclinical agents is essential to select the most effective antimicrobial agent. Moreover, multiple resistance features of methicillin resistant (MR) isolates should be considered during antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

Isolation and Characterization of the Mutans Streptococci from the Dental Plaques in Koreans: So Young Yoo , Seon Joo Park , Dong Ki Jeong , Kwang-Won Kim , Sung-Hoon Lim , Sang-Ho Lee , Son-Jin Choe , Young-Hyo Chang , Insoon Park , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2007;45(3):246-255.; DOI: https://doi.org/2535 [pii]

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Abstract: Mutans streptococci have been implicated as cariogenic bacteria in dental caries because they can produce high levels of dental caries-causing lactic acid and extracellular polysaccharide. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the mutans streptococci from the dental plaque obtained from Koreans. The dental plaque samples were collected from the anterior and molar teeth of both jaws in 155 subjects (aged 2 to 33.2 years, average age 13.7±4.7 years). The samples were diluted by 100-fold in 1x PBS and plated on mitis-salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar plates. The mutans streptococci grown on MSB plates were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeting dextranase gene (dex). The mutans streptococci were identified at the species level using a 16S rDNA sequencing comparison method. The biochemical tests were carried out to biotype the mutans streptococci. Ninety-five strains of the mutans streptococci out of 358 colonies, which were derived from 141 subjects, were isolated. Of them, 77 strains and 18 strains were Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, respectively. The biotyping data showed that 62, 1, 20, 10, and 2 strains were biotypes I, II, IV, V and variant, respectively. Of the two strains of variant biotype, one strains was similar to biotype IV except that it was positive to the arginine hydrolysis test. We considered this one strain a new biotype, and classified it as biotype VII. In conclusion, S. mutans and its biotype I was most frequently isolated in Korean dental plaque. The mutans streptococci strains isolated in this study might be useful for the study of the pathogenesis and the prevention of dental caries.

Journal Article

Identification of Non-mutans Streptococci Organisms in Dental Plaques Recovering on Mitis-Salivarius Bacitracin Agar Medium: So Young Yoo , Pyung Sik Kim , Ho-Keel Hwang , Seong-Hoon Lim , Kwang-Won Kim , Son-Jin Choe , Byung-Moo Min , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2005;43(2):204-208.; DOI: https://doi.org/2160 [pii]

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to both isolate and identify non-mutans streptococci organisms (non-MSO) from dental plaques recovered on mitis-salivarius sucrose bacitracin agar (MSB) plates. The dental plaque samples, which had been collected from 63 human subjects, were diluted and plated on MSB. The bacteria growing on the MSB plates were then identified with biochemical tests, as well as with 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing techniques. Our data indicated that bacteria from 30 subjects had been recovered on the MSB plates. Among the 21 typical colonies selected from the 30 subjects, 12 colonies, derived from 10 subjects, were identified as non-MSO. These 12 colonies were determined to be Streptococcus anginosus (8 colonies), S. sanguinis (1 colony), and Pantoea agglomerans (3 colonies). These results strongly suggest that a new selective medium will be required for the reliable isolation of mutans streptococci.

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