Diversity of A mating type in Lentinula edodes has been assessed
by analysis of A mating loci in 127 strains collected
from East Asia. It was discovered that hypervariable sequence
region with an approximate length of 1 kb in the A mating
locus, spanning 5region of HD2-intergenic region-5region
of HD1, could represent individual A mating type as evidenced
by comprehensive mating analysis. The sequence analysis
revealed 27 A mating type alleles from 96 cultivated
strains and 48 alleles from 31 wild strains. Twelve of them
commonly appeared, leaving 63 unique A mating type alleles.
It was also revealed that only a few A mating type alleles such
as A1, A4, A5, and A7 were prevalent in the cultivated strains,
accounting for 62.5% of all A mating types. This implies
preferred selection of certain A mating types in the process
of strain development and suggests potential role of A mating
genes in the expression of genes governing mushroom
quality. Dominant expression of an A mating gene HD1 was
observed from A1 mating locus, the most prevalent A allele,
in A1-containing dikaryons. However, connections between
HD1 expression and A1 preference in the cultivated strains
remain to be verified. The A mating type was highly diverse
in the wild strains. Thirty-six unique A alleles were discovered
from relatively small and confined area of mountainous region
in Korean peninsula. The number will further increase
because no A allele has been recurrently observed in the wild
strains and thus newly discovered strain will have good chances
to contain new A allele. The high diversity in small area
also suggests that the A mating locus has evolved rapidly
and thus its diversity will further increase.
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