Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Description of Ornithinimicrobium ciconiae sp. nov., and Ornithinimicrobium avium sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of the endangered and near-threatened birds: So-Yeon Lee , Hojun Sung , Pil Soo Kim , Hyun Sik Kim , Jae-Yun Lee , June-Young Lee , Yun-Seok Jeong , Euon Jung Tak , Jeong Eun Han , Dong-Wook Hyun , Jin-Woo Bae; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):978-987. Published online September 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1323-1

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Phenotypic and genomic analyses were performed to characterize two novel species, H23M54T and AMA3305T, isolated from the faeces of the Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana) and the cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), respectively. Strains H23M54T and AMA3305T showed the highest similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences and complete genome sequences with Ornithinimicrobium cavernae CFH 30183T (98.5% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 82.1% of average nucleotide identity, ANI) and O. pekingense DSM 21552T (98.5% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 82.3% of ANI), respectively. Both strains were Gram-stain-positive, obligate aerobes, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and coccoid- and rodshaped. Strain H23M54T grew optimally at 25–30°C and pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1.5–2% (wt/vol) NaCl, while strain AMA3305T grew optimally at 30°C and pH 7.0 and in the presence of 1–3% (wt/vol) NaCl. Both strains had iso-C15:0, iso- C16:0, and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10- methyl) as major cellular fatty acids. MK-8 (H4) was identified as the primary respiratory quinone in both strains. Strains H23M54T and AMA3305T possessed diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Moreover, strains H23M54T and AMA3305T commonly contained ribose and glucose as major sugars and L-ornithine, L-alanine, glycine, and aspartic acid as major amino acids. The polyphasic taxonomic data indicate that strains H23M54T and AMA3305T represent novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium. We propose the names Ornithinimicrobium ciconiae sp. nov. and Ornithinimicrobium avium sp. nov. for strains H23M54T (= KCTC 49151T = JCM 33221T) and AMA3305T (= KCTC 49180T = JCM 32873T), respectively.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Delta 6-Desaturase Gene from the Pike Eel (Muraenesox cinereus): Sun Hee Kim , Kyung Hee Roh , Jung-Bong Kim , Kwang-Soo Kim , Nam Shin Kim , Hyun Uk Kim , Kyeong-Ryeol Lee , Jong-Sug Park , Jong-Bum Kim; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):807-813. Published online October 5, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3144-3

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Abstract

Stearidonic acid (STA; 18:4n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) are significant intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway for the very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6), respectively. To develop a sustainable system for the production of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, we focused on the action of the enzyme delta 6-desaturase (D6DES) on the essential acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3). A 1,335-bp full-length cDNA encoding D6DES (McD6DES) was cloned from Muraenesox cinereus using degenerate PCR and RACE-PCR
methods
. To investigate the enzymatic activity of McD6DES in the production of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, a recombinant plasmid expressing McD6DES (pYES-McD6DES) was transformed into and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The exogenously expressed McD6DES produced GLA and STA at conversion rates of 14.2% and 45.9%, respectively, from the exogenous LA and ALA substrates. These results indicate that McD6DES is essentially a delta 6-desaturase involved in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

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Δ6 fatty acid desaturases in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: insights into the evolution, function with substrate specificities and biotechnological use
Jie Cui, Haiqin Chen, Xin Tang, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Yong Q. Chen, Wei Chen
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Metabolic engineering to produce γ-linolenic acid in Brassica napus using a Δ6-desaturase from pike eel
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Heterologous Reconstitution of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids inArabidopsis
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Coexpression of multiple genes reconstitutes two pathways of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Pichia pastoris
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Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Delta 6-Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene from Rhizopus stolonifer Strain YF6 Which Can Accumulate High Levels of Gamma-Linolenic Acid: Xia Wan , Yinbo Zhang , Ping Wang , Mulan Jiang; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):151-154. Published online March 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0254-7

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Abstract: The delta 6-desaturase gene was cloned from Rhizopus stolonifer, which could accumulate up to 49% of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3 Δ6,9,12) to the total fatty acids. The cloned DNA contains a 1,380 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 460 amino acids, which showed high similarity to those of fungal delta 6-desaturases with three conserved histidine-rich motifs and HPGG motif. Notably, this deduced sequence had a shorter C-terminus. Results demonstrated that the cDNA sequence exhibited delta 6-desaturase activity by accumulation of about 22.4% of GLA to the total fatty acids in the recombinant Pichia pastoris strain GS115.

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Microalgae: Identification of a Microsomal Delta 12 Desaturase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Xiaoyuan Chi , Xiaowen Zhang , Xiangyu Guan , Ling Ding , Youxun Li , Mingqing Wang , Hanzhi Lin , Song Qin; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(2):189-201. Published online June 11, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0223-3

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Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of infant and adult nutrition because they serve as structural elements of cell membranes. Fatty acid desaturases are responsible for the insertion of double bonds into pre-formed fatty acid chains in reactions that require oxygen and reducing equivalents. In this study, the genome-wide characterization of the fatty acid desaturases from seven eukaryotic photosynthetic microalgae was undertaken according to the conserved histidine-rich motifs and phylogenetic profiles. Analysis of these genomes provided insight into the origin and evolution of the pathway of fatty acid biosynthesis in eukaryotic plants. In addition, the candidate enzyme from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the highest similarity to the microsomal Δ12 desaturase of Chlorella vulgaris was isolated, and its function was verified by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

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