Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Antiviral effects of human placenta hydrolysate (Laennec) against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in the ferret model: Eun-Ha Kim , Young-il Kim , Seung-Gyu Jang , Minju Im , Kyeongsoo Jeong , Young Ki Choi , Hae-Jung Han; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1056-1062. Published online October 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1367-2

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented health, social, and economic crises worldwide. However, to date, there is an only a limited effective treatment for this disease. Human placenta hydrolysate (hPH) has previously been shown to be safe and to improve the health condition in patients with hyperferritinemia and COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to determine the antiviral effects of hPH against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo models and compared with Remdesivir, an FDA-approved drug for COVID-19 treatment. To assess whether hPH inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication, we determined the CC50, EC50, and selective index (SI) in Vero cells by infection with a SARS-CoV-2 at an MOI of 0.01. Further, groups of ferrets infected with 105.8 TCID50/ml of SARS-CoV-2 and treated with hPH at 2, 4, 6 dpi, and compared their clinical manifestation and virus titers in respiratory tracts with PBS control-treated group. The mRNA expression of immunerelated cytokines was determined by qRT-PCR. hPH treatment attenuated virus replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In a ferret infection study, treatment with hPH resulted in minimal bodyweight loss and attenuated virus replication in the nasal wash, turbinates, and lungs of infected ferrets. In addition, qRT-PCR results revealed that the hPH treatment remarkably upregulated the gene expression of type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and II (IFN-γ) IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infected ferrets. Our data collectively suggest that hPH has antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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I Kawikova, K Hakenova, M Lebedeva, L Kleteckova, L Jakob, V Spicka, L Wen, F Spaniel, K Vales
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Human Placenta Extract (HPH) Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Stimulated HaCaT Cells and a DNCB Atopic Dermatitis (AD)-Like Mouse Model
Jung Ok Lee, Youna Jang, A Yeon Park, Jung Min Lee, Kyeongsoo Jeong, So-Hyun Jeon, Hui Jin, Minju Im, Jae-Won Kim, Beom Joon Kim
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(10): 1969. CrossRef
Systematic analysis of the pharmacology of standardized extracts of human placenta
T. E. Bogacheva, I. Yu. Torshin, O. A. Gromova
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Ailong Sha, Yi Liu, Haiyan Hao
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Multiple roles of a putative vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 74, FgVPS74, in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum: Hee-Kyoung Kim , Ki Woo Kim , Sung-Hwan Yun; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):243-249. Published online April 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5067-7

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Abstract

Fusarium graminearum, a member of the F. graminearum species complex, is a filamentous ascomycetous group that causes serious diseases in cereal crops. A screen of insertional mutants of F. graminearum, generated using a restriction enzyme-mediated integration method, identified a mutant designated R7048 showing pleiotropic phenotypes in several mycological traits. The vector insertion site in the R7048 genome was identified as the KpnI site within an ORF annotated as FGSG_06346 (designated FgVPS74), which showed similarity to vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 74 in the baker yeast. Both targeted gene deletion and complementation analyses confirmed that FgVPS74 was involved in hyphal growth, conidiation, sexual development, mycotoxin production, and virulence towards host plants in F. graminearum. Electron microscopy analysis revealed no significant changes in morphology of the vacuole or other organelles, but a greater number of mitochondria were produced in the ΔFgVPS74 strain compared to the wild-type progenitor. Expression of a GFP-tagged FgVPS74 construct under its native promoter in the ΔFgVPS74 strain exhibited localization of GFP signal to putative vesicle structures, but not to the vacuolar membrane. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that a functional vacuolar protein-sorting pathway mediated by FgVPS74 is crucial for fungal growth and development in F. graminearum.

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Trichoderma reesei Sch9 and Yak1 regulate vegetative growth, conidiation, and stress response and induced cellulase production: Xinxing Lv† , Weixin Zhang† , Guanjun Chen , Weifeng Liu; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):236-242. Published online January 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4639-x

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Abstract

Protein kinases are key players in controlling many basic cellular processes in almost all the organisms via mediating signal transduction processes. In the present study, we characterized the cellulolytic Trichoderma reesei orthologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sch9 and Yak1 by sequence alignment and functional analysis. The T. reesei Trsch9Δ and Tryak1Δ mutant strains displayed a decreased growth rate on different carbon sources and produced less conidia. The absence of these two kinases also resulted in different but abnormal polarized apical growth as well as sensitivity to various stresses. In addition, disruption of the genes Trsch9 or Tryak1 resulted in perturbation of cell wall integrity. Interestingly, while the induced production of cellulases was slightly compromised in the Trsch9Δ strain, the extracellular production of cellulases was significantly improved in the absence of Yak1. The results indicate that TrSch9 and TrYak1 play an important role in filamentous growth, stress response and induced production of cellulases in T. reesei.

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Journal Article

The Observation of PlcA Mutation and Localization in Aspergillus nidulans: Chun-Seob Ahn , Young Taek Oh , Jeong-Geun Kim , Kap-Hoon Han , Chang-Won Lee , Jae Won Kim; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(7):590-596. Published online June 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3651-x

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Abstract

To know the function of the plcA gene, which encodes a putative phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, in a model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, it was disrupted thorough homologous recombination and examined. The germination rate of ΔplcA was reduced by approximately 65% and germination of ΔplcA at a lower temperature (25°C) was much slower than germination under normal conditions (37°C), suggesting the plcA is responsible for cold-sensitivity. The hyphal growth of ΔplcA was slightly reduced at 37°C and conspicuously reduced at 25°C. While germinating ΔplcA formed giant swollen spores, and generated short and thick hyphae. The results of the nuclear examination of ΔplcA showed nuclear division with missegregation, and the rate of nuclear division was lower than that of wild type at both 25°C and 37°C. The results of this study showed that plcA is localized to the nucleus through intracellular calcium signaling in A. nidulans. The abnormal nuclear division, resulting from plcA gene deletion, affects conidiation in asexual development. Taken together, these results suggested that plcA is required for normal vegetative growth, morphogenesis, conidiation, and nuclear division
in A. nidulans.

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