Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Antifungal activity of violacein purified from a novel strain of Chromobacterium sp. NIIST (MTCC 5522)
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Anju Sasidharan , Nishanth Kumar Sasidharan , Dileepkumar Bhaskaran Nair Saraswathy Amma , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu , Anupama Vijaya Nataraja , Krishnakumar Bhaskaran
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(10):694-701. Published online October 2, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5173-6
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Abstract
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A novel strain of Chromobacterium sp. NIIST (MTCC 5522)
producing high level of purple blue bioactive compound violacein
was isolated from clay mine acidic sediment. During
24 h aerobic incubation in modified Luria Bertani medium,
around 0.6 g crude violacein was produced per gram of dry
weight biomass. An inexpensive method for preparing crystalline,
pure violacein from crude pigment was developed (12.8
mg violacein/L) and the pure compound was characterized
by different spectrometric methods. The violacein prepared
was found effective against a number of plant and human
pathogenic fungi and yeast species such as Cryptococcus gastricus,
Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia
solani, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum, and
Candida albicans. The best activity was recorded against Trichophyton
rubrum (2 μg/ml), a human pathogen responsible
for causing athlete’s foot infection. This is the first report of
antifungal activity of purified violacein against pathogenic
fungi and yeast.
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- Use of Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) to Characterize the Bacterial and Fungal Airway Microbiota of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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Jérôme Mounier , Audrey Gouëllo , Marlène Keravec , Solène Le Gal , Grégory Pacini , Stella Debaets , Gilles Nevez , Gilles Rault , Georges Barbier , Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(4):307-314. Published online February 17, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3425-5
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Abstract
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to characterize cystic fibrosis (CF) airway microbiota including both bacteria and fungi. DHPLC conditions were first optimized using a mixture of V6, V7 and V8 region 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons from 18 bacterial species commonly found in CF patients. Then, the microbial diversity of 4 sputum
samples from 4 CF patients was analyzed using cultural methods, cloning/sequencing (for bacteria only) and DHPLC peak fraction collection/sequencing. DHPLC analysis allowed identifying more bacterial and fungal species than the classical culture methods, including well-recognized pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Even if a lower number of
bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was identified by DHPLC, it allowed to find OTUs unidentified by cloning/sequencing. The combination of both techniques
permitted to correlate the majority of DHPLC peaks to defined OTUs. Finally, although Aspergillus fumigatus detection using DHPLC can still be improved, this technique
clearly allowed to identify a higher number of fungal species versus classical culture-based methods. To conclude, DHPLC provided meaningful additional data concerning pathogenic bacteria and fungi as well as fastidious microorganisms present within the CF respiratory tract. DHPLC can be considered as a complementary technique to culture-dependent analyses in routine microbiological laboratories.
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Sally A. Cantrell , Michael D. Leavell , Olivera Marjanovic , Anthony T. Iavarone , Julie A. Leary , Lee W. Riley
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(5):619-626. Published online September 14, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3092-y
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58
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Abstract
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The lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis, serves as an effective barrier against many chemotherapeutic agents and toxic host cell effector molecules, and it may contribute to the mechanism of persistence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains mutated in a 13-gene operon called mce1, which encodes a putative ABC lipid transporter, induce aberrant granulomatous response in mouse lungs. Because of the postulated role of the mce1 operon in lipid importation, we compared the cell wall lipid composition of wild type and mce1 operon mutant M. tuberculosis H37Rv strains. High resolution mass spectrometric analyses of the mce1 mutant lipid extracts showed unbound mycolic acids to accumulate in the cell wall. Quantitative analysis revealed a 10.7 fold greater amount of free mycolates in the mutant compared to that of the wild type strain. The free mycolates were comprised of alpha, methoxy and keto mycolates in the ratio 1:0.9:0.6, respectively. Since the mce1 operon is regulated in vivo, the free mycolates that accumulate during infection may serve as a barrier for M. tuberculosis against toxic products and contribute to the pathogen’s persistence.
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Maikel Boot, Vincent J. C. van Winden, Marion Sparrius, Robert van de Weerd, Alexander Speer, Roy Ummels, Tige Rustad, David R. Sherman, Wilbert Bitter, Carmen Buchrieser
PLOS Genetics.2017; 13(12): e1007131. CrossRef - “Genetic regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a lipid-rich environment”
Diana A. Aguilar-Ayala, Juan Carlos Palomino, Peter Vandamme, Anandi Martin, Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2017; 55: 392. CrossRef - MCE domain proteins: conserved inner membrane lipid-binding proteins required for outer membrane homeostasis
Georgia L. Isom, Nathaniel J. Davies, Zhi-Soon Chong, Jack A. Bryant, Mohammed Jamshad, Maria Sharif, Adam F. Cunningham, Timothy J. Knowles, Shu-Sin Chng, Jeffrey A. Cole, Ian R. Henderson
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Bacterial immunostat: Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids and their role in the host immune response
Adriano Queiroz, Lee W. Riley
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2017; 50(1): 9. CrossRef -
The Sec Pathways and Exportomes of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Brittany K. Miller, Katelyn E. Zulauf, Miriam Braunstein, William R. Jacobs Jr., Helen McShane, Valerie Mizrahi, Ian M. Orme
Microbiology Spectrum.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Rv3723/LucA coordinates fatty acid and cholesterol uptake in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Evgeniya V Nazarova, Christine R Montague, Thuy La, Kaley M Wilburn, Neelima Sukumar, Wonsik Lee, Shannon Caldwell, David G Russell, Brian C VanderVen
eLife.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - The transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a lipid-rich dormancy model through RNAseq analysis
Diana A. Aguilar-Ayala, Laurentijn Tilleman, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, Juan Carlos Palomino, Peter Vandamme, Jorge A. Gonzalez-Y-Merchand, Anandi Martin
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Transcriptional Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exposed toIn VitroLysosomal Stress
Wenwei Lin, Paola Florez de Sessions, Garrett Hor Keong Teoh, Ahmad Naim Nazri Mohamed, Yuan O. Zhu, Vanessa Hui Qi Koh, Michelle Lay Teng Ang, Peter C. Dedon, Martin Lloyd Hibberd, Sylvie Alonso, S. Ehrt
Infection and Immunity.2016; 84(9): 2505. CrossRef - Metabolic profile of Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals Mce4 proteins are relevant for cell wall lipid homeostasis
María Paz Santangelo, Adam Heuberger, Federico Blanco, Marina Forrellad, Catalina Taibo, Laura Klepp, Julia Sabio García, Pablo I. Nikel, Mary Jackson, Fabiana Bigi
Metabolomics.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - An orphaned Mce‐associated membrane protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a virulence factor that stabilizes Mce transporters
Ellen Foot Perkowski, Brittany K. Miller, Jessica R. McCann, Jonathan Tabb Sullivan, Seidu Malik, Irving Coy Allen, Virginia Godfrey, Jennifer D. Hayden, Miriam Braunstein
Molecular Microbiology.2016; 100(1): 90. CrossRef - Standardization of natural mycolic acid antigen composition and production for use in biomarker antibody detection to diagnose active tuberculosis
F.L. Ndlandla, V. Ejoh, A.C. Stoltz, B. Naicker, A.D. Cromarty, S. van Wyngaardt, M. Khati, L.S. Rotherham, Y. Lemmer, J. Niebuhr, C.R. Baumeister, J.R. Al Dulayymi, H. Swai, M.S. Baird, J.A. Verschoor
Journal of Immunological Methods.2016; 435: 50. CrossRef - Screening of the antimycobacterial activity of novel lipophilic agents by the modified broth based method
Mehdi Zandhaghighi, Kiarash Ghazvini, Zahra Meshkat, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee, Mohammad Derakhshan, Saman Soleimanpour, Farzin Hadizadeh
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases.2016; 3: 1. CrossRef - Comparative metabolic profiling ofmce1operon mutant vs wild-typeMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains
Adriano Queiroz, Daniel Medina-Cleghorn, Olivera Marjanovic, Daniel K. Nomura, Lee W. Riley, Patricia Bozza
Pathogens and Disease.2015; 73(8): ftv066. CrossRef - Mycobacterium tuberculosis effectors involved in host–pathogen interaction revealed by a multiple scales integrative pipeline
Wu Li, Xiangyu Fan, Quanxin Long, Longxiang Xie, Jianping Xie
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2015; 32: 1. CrossRef - Label-free Quantitative Proteomics Reveals a Role for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis SecA2 Pathway in Exporting Solute Binding Proteins and Mce Transporters to the Cell Wall*
Meghan E. Feltcher, Harsha P. Gunawardena, Katelyn E. Zulauf, Seidu Malik, Jennifer E. Griffin, Christopher M. Sassetti, Xian Chen, Miriam Braunstein
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2015; 14(6): 1501. CrossRef - Role of host- and pathogen-associated lipids in directing the immune response in mycobacterial infections, with emphasis onMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis
Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu, Kumudika de Silva, Karren M. Plain, Richard J. Whittington
Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2014; : 1. CrossRef - Inhibition of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2)-mediated response in human alveolar epithelial cells by mycolic acids andMycobacterium tuberculosismce1operon mutant
Patricia C. Sequeira, Ryan H. Senaratne, Lee W. Riley
Pathogens and Disease.2014; 70(2): 132. CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Low-Scale Expression and Purification of an Active Putative Iduronate 2-Sulfate Sulfatase-Like Enzyme from Escherichia coli K12
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Edwin David Morales-Álvarez , Claudia Marcela Rivera-Hoyos , Angélica María Baena-Moncada , Patricia Landázuri , Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales , Homero Sáenz-Suárez , Luis A. Barrera , Olga Y. Echeverri-Peña
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):213-221. Published online April 27, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2416-2
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Abstract
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The sulfatase family involves a group of enzymes with a large degree of similarity. Until now, sixteen human sulfatases have been identified, most of them found in lysosomes. Human deficiency of sulfatases generates various genetic disorders
characterized by abnormal accumulation of sulfated intermediate compounds. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is characterized by the deficiency of iduronate 2-sulfate sulfatase (IDS), causing the lysosomal accumulation of heparan and
dermatan sulfates. Currently, there are several cases of genetic diseases treated with enzyme replacement therapy, which have generated a great interest in the development of systems for recombinant protein expression. In this work we expressed the human recombinant IDS-Like enzyme (hrIDS-Like) in Escherichia coli DH5α. The enzyme concentration revealed by ELISA varied from 78.13 to 94.35 ng/ml and the specific activity varied from 34.20 to 25.97 nmol/h/mg. Western blotting
done after affinity chromatography purification showed a single band of approximately 40 kDa, which was recognized by an IgY polyclonal antibody that was developed against the specific peptide of the native protein. Our 100 ml-shake-flask
assays allowed us to improve the enzyme activity seven fold, compared to the E. coli JM109/pUC13-hrIDS-Like system. Additionally, the results obtained in the present study were equal to those obtained with the Pichia pastoris GS1115/
pPIC-9-hrIDS-Like system (3 L bioreactor scale). The system used in this work (E. coli DH5α/pGEX-3X-hrIDS-Like) emerges as a strategy for improving protein expression and purification, aimed at recombinant protein chemical characterization,
future laboratory assays for enzyme replacement therapy, and as new evidence of active putative sulfatase production in E. coli.
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Sulfolipid Accumulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Disrupted in the mce2 Operon
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Olivera Marjanovic , Anthony T. Iavarone , Lee W. Riley
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(3):441-447. Published online June 30, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0435-4
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Abstract
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has a lipid-rich cell wall that serves as an effective barrier against drugs and toxic host cell products, which may contribute to the organism’s persistence in a host. M. tuberculosis contains four homologous operons called mce (mce1-4) that encode putative ABC transporters involved in lipid importation across the cell wall. Here, we analyzed the lipid composition of M. tuberculosis disrupted in the mce2 operon. High resolution mass spectrometric and thin layer chromatographic analyses of the mutant’s cell wall lipid extracts showed accumulation of SL-1 and SL1278 molecules. Radiographic quantitative analysis and densitometry revealed 2.9, 3.9 and 9.8-fold greater amount of [35S] SL-1 in the mce2 operon mutant compared to the wild type M. tuberculosis during the early/mid logarithmic, late logarithmic and stationary phase of growth in liquid broth, respectively. The amount of [35S] SL1278 in the mutant also increased progressively over the same growth phases. The expression of the mce2 operon genes in the wild type strain progressively increased from the logarithmic to the stationary phase of bacterial growth in vitro, which inversely correlated with the proportion of radiolabel incorporation into SL-1 and SL1278 at these phases. Since the mce2 operon is regulated in wild type M. tuberculosis, its cell wall may undergo changes in SL-1 and SL1278 contents during a natural course of infection and this may serve as an important adaptive strategy for M. tuberculosis to maintain persistence in a host.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Bacillus megaterium Strain XTBG34 Promotes Plant Growth by Producing 2-Pentylfuran
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Changsong Zou , Zhifang Li , Diqiu Yu
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):460-466. Published online August 20, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0068-z
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147
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Abstract
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Several chemical changes in soil are associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. An endosporeforming bacterium, strain XTBG34, was isolated from a Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden soil sample and identified as Bacillus megaterium. The strain’s volatiles had remarkable plant growth promotion activity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants; after 15 days treatment, the fresh weight of plants inoculated with XTBG34 was almost 2-fold compared with those inoculated with DH5α. Head space volatile compounds produced by XTBG34, trapped with headspace solid phase microextraction and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, included aldehydes, alkanes, ketones and aroma components. Of the 11 compounds assayed for plant growth promotion activity in divided Petri plates, only 2-pentylfuran increased plant growth. We have therefore identified a new plant growth promotion volatile of B. megaterium XTBG34, which deserves further study in the mechanisms of interaction between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and plants.
- Patterns of Survival and Volatile Metabolites of Selected Lactobacillus Strains During Long-Term Incubation in Milk
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Łucja Łaniewska-Trokenheim , Magdalena Olszewska , Marta Mik , Anna Zadernowska
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):445-451. Published online August 20, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0056-3
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Abstract
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The focus of this study was to monitor the survival of populations and the volatile compound profiles of selected Lactobacillus strains during long-term incubation in milk. The enumeration of cells was determined by both the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique using carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) staining and the plate method. Volatile compounds were analysed by the gas-chromatography technique. All strains exhibited good survival in cultured milks, but Lactobacillus crispatus L800 was the only strain with comparable growth and viability in milk, assessed by plate and epifluorescence methods. The significant differences in cell numbers between plate and microscopic counts were obtained for L. acidophilus strains. The investigated strains exhibited different metabolic profiles. Depending on the strain used, 3 to 8 compounds were produced. The strains produced significantly higher concentrations of acetic acid, compared to other volatiles. Lactobacillus strains differed from one another in number and contents of the volatile compounds.
- Purification of Filamentous Bacteriophage M13 by Expanded Bed Anion Exchange Chromatography
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Tau Chuan Ling , Chee Kin Loong , Wen Siang Tan , Beng Ti Tey , Wan Mohammad Wan Abdullah , Arbakariya Ariff
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J. Microbiol. 2004;42(3):228-232.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2084 [pii]
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Abstract
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In this paper, we investigated the development of a simplified and rapid primary capture step for the recovery of M13 bacteriophage from particulate-containing feedstock. M13 bacteriophage, carrying an insert, was propagated and subsequently purified by the application of both conventional multiple steps and expanded bed anion exchange chromatography. In the conventional method, precipitation was conducted with PEG/NaCl, and centrifugation was also performed. In the single step expanded bed anion exchange adsorption, UpFront FastLine^TM 20 (20 mm i.d.) from UpFront Chromatography was used as the contactor, while 54 ml (H_o=15cm) of STREAMLINE DEAE (r=1.2 g/cm^3) from Amersham Pharmacia Biotechnology was used as the anion exchanger. The performance of the two methods were evaluated, analysed, and compared. It was demonstrated that the purification of the M13 bacteriophage, using expanded bed anion exchange adsorption, yielded the higher recovery percentage, at 82.86%. The conventional multiple step method yielded the lower recovery percentage, 36.07%. The generic application of this integrated technique has also been assessed.
- Expression and Purification of a Recombinant scFv towards the Exotoxin of the Pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei
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Kue-Peng Lim , HongBin Li , Sheila Nathan
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J. Microbiol. 2004;42(2):126-132.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2034 [pii]
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A single chain variable fragment (scFv) specific towards B. pseudomallei exotoxin had previously been generated from an existing hybridoma cell line (6E6AF83B) and cloned into the phage display vector pComb3H. In this study, the scFv was subcloned into the pComb3X vector to facilitate the detection and purification of expressed antibodies. Detection was facilitated by the presence of a hemagglutinin (HA) tag, and purification was facilitated by the presence of a histidine tag. The culture was grown at 30^oC until log phase was achieved and then induced with 1 mM IPTG in the absence of any additional carbon source. Induction was continued at 30^oC for five h. The scFv was discerned by dual processes-direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and Western blotting. When compared to E. coli strains ER2537 and HB2151, scFv expression was observed to be highest in the E. coli strain Top10F'. The expressed scFv protein was purified via nickel-mediated affinity chromatography and results indicated that two proteins a 52 kDa protein, and a 30 kDa protein were co-purified. These antibodies, when blotted against immobilized exotoxin, exhibited significant specificity towards the exotoxin, compared to other B. pseudomallei antigens. Thus, these antibodies should serve as suitable reagents for future affinity purification of the exotoxin.
- Lipoppolysaccharide yields form Rhodobacter capasulatus with indirect ELISA
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Yoo, Tae Eun , Lee, Hyun Soon
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J. Microbiol. 1996;34(3):255-262.
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Abstract
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The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) yields were measured in Rhodobacter capsulatus under several conditions by the ELISA method. The purification of LPS was done by affinity chromatography of IgG coupled CNBr-activated sepharose-4B instead of ultra-centrifugation. The purity of the LPS didn't show much difference between affinity chromatography and ultra-centrifugation method, but affinity chromatography method required much fewer organisms and was more convenient. LPS yield was measured in ng units by the ELISA method. Mannitol was a better single carbon source than other sugars, but mixing two carbon sources resulted in greater LPS yields than any sugar alone. LPS yield was directly proportional to NH₄CI concentration, with optimum yields at 0.05% nitrogen. In contrest to LPS yields, which decreased at 0.005% nitrogen concentration total protein was increased 16 times. Calcium influenced LPS yields. At 0.7 mM CaCI₂, the LPS yield was 16.5 ㎍/mg DW, five times the yield without calcium.
- Fungal-sporulation suppressing substances produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa KMCS-1
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Min, Bu Yong , Shim, Jae Young , Kim, Kun Woo , Lee, Jong Kyu , Yoon, Kwon Sang
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J. Microbiol. 1996;34(3):284-288.
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Abstract
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Among the bacteria isolated form compost piles of cattle excretion in a pasture located at the suburbs of Chunchon city, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KMCS-1 was selected for the test of antifungal substances produced. Six fractions were separated by silica gel column chromatography, and then the antifungal activity of each fraction was assayed against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus nidulans, Coprinus cinereus, and Pyricularia oryzae by paper disc method. Two fractions showed significant suppressive activities against A. nidulans, C. cinereus, and P. oryzae; however, their mycelial growth was not affected by neither of these fractions. Inhibitory activities of these fractions to sporulation was assayed at the concentration of 50. 25, 12. 5, and 6.25 ㎍/ml and the average inhibition rates against sporulation of A. nidulans, C. cinereus, and P. oryzae were 94.0, 98.3, and 77.9%, respectively. Further purification and analysis of active substances are now being conducted.