Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Growth of cyanobacterial soil crusts during diurnal freeze-thaw cycles: Steven K. Schmidt , Lara Vimercati; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):243-251. Published online February 5, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8359-5

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Various Nostoc spp. and related cyanobacteria are able to survive extreme temperatures and are among the most successful colonists of high-elevation sites being exposed due to glacial retreat. It is unclear, however, if cyanobacteria can grow during the extreme freeze-thaw cycles that occur on a yearround basis at high-elevation, peri-glacial sites or if they only grow during the rare periods when freeze-thaw cycles do not occur. We conducted several experiments to determine if cyanobacteria that form biological soil crusts (BSCs) at highelevation sites (> 5,000 m.a.s.l.) in the Andes can grow during diurnal freeze-thaw cycles on a par with those that occur in the field. Here we show that a soil crust that had been frozen at -20°C for five years was able to increase from 40% to 100% soil coverage during a 45-day incubation during which the soil temperature cycled between -12°C and 26°C every day. In a second, experiment an undeveloped soil with no visible BSCs showed a statistically significant shift in the bacterial community from one containing few cyanobacterial sequences (8% of sequences) to one dominated (27%) by Nostoc, Microcoleus, and Leptolyngbya phylotypes during a 77-day incubation with daily freeze-thaw cycles. In addition, counts of spherical Nostoc-like colonies increased significantly on the soil surface during the experiment, especially in microcosms receiving phosphorus. Taken together these results show that freeze-thaw cycles alone do not limit the growth of BSCs in high-elevation soils, and provide new insight into how life is able to thrive in one of the most extreme terrestrial environments on Earth.

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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Description of Pseudomonas asuensis sp. nov. from biological soil crusts in the Colorado plateau, United States of America: Gundlapally Sathyanarayana Reddy , # , Ferran Garcia-Pichel; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):6-13. Published online January 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4462-4

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Abstract

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped, yellow pigmented bacterium CP155-2T was isolated from a biological soil crusts sample collected in the Colorado plateau, USA and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Strain CP155-2T contained summed feature 3 (C16:1ω5c/C16:1ω7c) and C18:1ω7c as major fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) along with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as major polar lipids. Based on these characteristics CP155-2T was assigned to the genus Pseudomonas. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence further confirmed the affiliation of CP155-2T to the genus Pseudomonas and showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 98.7% with already described species of the genus. Pseudomonas luteola, Pseudomonas zeshuii, and Pseudomonas duriflava were identified as the closest species of the genus Pseudomonas with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.7%, 98.6%, and 96.9%, respectively. The values for DNA–DNA relatedness between CP155-2T and Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas zeshuii were 23% and 14% respectively a value below the 70% threshold value, indicating that strain CP155-2T belongs to a novel taxon of the genus Pseudomonas lineage. The novel taxon status was strengthened by a number of phenotypic differences wherein CP155-2T was positive for oxidase, negative for gelatin hydrolysis, could utilize D-cellobiose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol but not L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid. Based on the collective differences strain CP155-2T exhibited, it was identified as a novel species and the name Pseudomonas asuensis sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain of Pseudomonas asuensis sp. nov. is CP155- 2T (DSM 17866T =ATCC BAA-1264T =JCM13501T =KCTC 32484T).

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