Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus: Jeesun Chun , Byeonghak Na , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1046-1053. Published online October 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1

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Trichoderma atroviride is a common fungus found in various ecosystems that shows mycoparasitic ability on other fungi. A novel dsRNA virus was isolated from T. atroviride NFCF377 strain and its molecular features were analyzed. The viral genome consists of a single segmented double-stranded RNA and is 9,584 bp in length, with two discontinuous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). A mycoviral structural protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are encoded by ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, between which is found a canonical shifty heptameric signal motif (AAAAAAC) followed by an RNA pseudoknot. Analysis of sequence similarity and phylogeny showed that it is closely related to members of the proposed family “Fusagraviridae”, with a highest similarity to the Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1). Although the sequence similarity of deduced amino acid to TaMV1 was evident, sequence deviations were distinctive at untranslated regions (UTRs) due to the extended size. Thus, we inferred this dsRNA to be a different strain of Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1-NFCF377). Electron microscopy image exhibited an icosahedral viral particle of 40 nm diameter. Virus-cured isogenic isolates were generated and no differences in growth rate, colony morphology, or conidia production were observed between virus-infected and virus-cured strains. However, culture filtrates of TaMV1- NFCF377-infected strain showed enhanced antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani but not to edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. These results suggested that TaMV1-NFCF377 affected the metabolism of the fungal host to potentiate antifungal compounds against a plant pathogen, but this enhanced antifungal activity appeared to be species-specific.

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Co-infection with two novel mycoviruses affects the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma polysporum
Jeesun Chun, Hae-Ryeong Yoon, Sei-Jin Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim
Biological Control.2024; 188: 105440. CrossRef
An Outstandingly Rare Occurrence of Mycoviruses in Soil Strains of the Plant-Beneficial Fungi from the Genus Trichoderma and a Novel Polymycoviridae Isolate
Chenchen Liu, Xiliang Jiang, Zhaoyan Tan, Rongqun Wang, Qiaoxia Shang, Hongrui Li, Shujin Xu, Miguel A. Aranda, Beilei Wu, Lea Atanasova
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sixteen Novel Mycoviruses Containing Positive Single-Stranded RNA, Double-Stranded RNA, and Negative Single-Stranded RNA Genomes Co-Infect a Single Strain of Rhizoctonia zeae
Siwei Li, Zhihao Ma, Xinyi Zhang, Yibo Cai, Chenggui Han, Xuehong Wu
Journal of Fungi.2023; 10(1): 30. CrossRef
Trichoderma – genomes and genomics as treasure troves for research towards biology, biotechnology and agriculture
Miriam Schalamun, Monika Schmoll
Frontiers in Fungal Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles
Subha Das, Sakae Hisano, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki
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Sustainable Management of Medicago sativa for Future Climates: Insect Pests, Endophytes and Multitrophic Interactions in a Complex Environment
Mark R. McNeill, Xiongbing Tu, Eric Altermann, Wu Beilei, Shengjing Shi
Frontiers in Agronomy.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae Is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and Is Deleterious to a New Host
Carolina Cornejo, Sakae Hisano, Helena Bragança, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Daniel Rigling
Journal of Fungi.2021; 7(10): 861. CrossRef

The antimicrobial potential of a new derivative of cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Mercedeh Tajbakhsh , Abdollah Karimi , Abolghasem Tohidpour , Naser Abbasi , Fatemeh Fallah , Maziar Mohammad Akhavan; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(2):128-137. Published online February 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7444-5

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Abstract

Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides which exhibit broad antimicrobial activities against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Considering the progressive antibiotic resistance, cathelicidin is a candidate for use as an alternative approach to treat and overcome the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Cathelicidin-BF (Cath-BF) is a short antimicrobial peptide, which was originally extracted from the venom of Bungarus fasciatus. Recent studies have reported that Cath-BF and some related derivatives exert strong antimicrobial and weak hemolytic properties. This study investigates the bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of Cath-BF and its analogs (Cath-A and Cath-B). Cath-A and Cath-B were designed to increase their net positive charge, to have more activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The results of this study show that Cath-A, with a +17-net charge, has the most noteworthy antimicrobial activity against MRSA strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 32–128 μg/ml. The bacterial kinetic analysis by 1 × MIC concentration of each peptide shows that Cath-A neutralizes the clinical MRSA isolate for 60 min. The present data support the notion that increasing the positive net charge of antimicrobial peptides can increase their potential antimicrobial activity. Cath-A also displayed the weakest cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial and H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell lines. Analysis of the hemolytic activity reveals that all three peptides exhibit minor hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes at concentrations up to 250 μg/ml. Altogether, these results suggest that Cath-A and Cath-B are competent candidates as novel antimicrobial compounds against MRSA and possibly other multidrug resistant bacteria.

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