Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Effect of Zinc on Growth Performance, Gut Morphometry, and Cecal Microbial Community in Broilers Challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
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Yuxin Shao , Zhao Lei , Jianmin Yuan , Ying Yang , Yuming Guo , Bingkun Zhang
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(12):1002-1011. Published online November 29, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4347-y
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Abstract
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To evaluate the effects of supplemental zinc on growth performance,
gut morphometry, and the cecal microbial community
in broilers challenged with Salmonella typhimurium,
180, 1-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly
assigned to 3 treatments with ten replicates for a 42 day experiment.
The 3 treatments were: unchallenged, S. typhimurium-
challenged, and S. typhimurium-challenged with 120
mg/kg of zinc supplementation in the diet. Salmonella infection
caused a reduction in body-weight gain and feed intake,
disrupted the intestinal structure by decreasing the
villus-height/crypt-depth ratio of the ileum and increasing
the apoptotic index of ileal epithelial cells. Moreover, the
cecal microbial community was altered by Salmonella infection,
as demonstrated by a reduced number of Lactobacillus
and total bacteria. Dietary zinc supplementation improved
growth performance by increasing the body-weight gain
and feed intake in the challenged broilers. In addition, zinc
repaired intestinal injury by reducing the apoptotic index of
ileal epithelial cells, enhancing villus height and the villusheight/
crypt-depth ratio of the ileum, and the proliferation
index of ileal epithelial cells. Finally, zinc regulated the cecal
microbial community by increasing the number of total bacteria
and beneficial Lactobacillus bacteria, and reducing the
number of Salmonella. The results indicated that dietary
zinc supplementation improved growth performance, intestinal
morphology, and intestinal microbiota in S. typhimurium-
challenged broilers.
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- Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis R4 Prevents Salmonella typhimurium SL1344-Induced Damage to Tight Junctions and Adherens Junctions
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Qinghua Yu , Liqi Zhu , Zhisheng Wang , Pengcheng Li , Qian Yang
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(4):613-617. Published online August 25, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1596-5
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Abstract
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Cell junctions are the gatekeepers of the paracellular route and defend the mucosal barrier. Several enteropathogenic bacteria can invade intestinal epithelial cells by targeting and damaging cell junctions. It is not well understood how Salmonella typhimurium is able to overcome the intestinal barrier and gain access to the circulation, nor is it understood how Lactobacillus prevents the invasion of S. typhimurium. Therefore, we sought to determine whether infection with S. typhimurium SL1344 could regulate the molecular composition of cell junctions and whether Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis R4 could affect this modification. Our data demonstrated that infection of Caco-2 cells with S. typhimurium over 2 h resulted in a redistribution of claudin-1, ZO-1, occluding, and E-cadherin. Western blot analysis of epithelial cell lysates demonstrated that S. typhimurium could decrease the expression of cell junction proteins. However, L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis R4 ameliorated this destruction and induced increased expression of ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin relative to the levels in the control group. The results of these experiments implied that S. typhimurium may facilitate its uptake and distribution within the host by regulating the molecular composition of cell junctions. Furthermore, Lactobacillus may prevent the adhesion and invasion of pathogenic bacteria by maintaining cell junctions and the mucosal barrier.
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Journal Article
- Genetic Diversity of Multi-resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Isolates from Animals and Humans
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Yong-Ku Woo , Su-Hwa Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2006;44(1):106-112.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2329 [pii]
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Abstract
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In this study, the genetic diversities of multi-resistant Salmonella typhimurium (ST) isolates were
analyzed via the application of both pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) analysis methods, using 6 kinds of primers (REP, ERIC, SERE, BOX, P-1254 and
OPB-17). And their discriminative abilities (DA) were also compared in order to determine the
most effective and reliable analysis method. 118 S. typhimurium isolates, cultured from diverse animals
and human patients in Korea beginning in 1993, were analyzed and subjected to a comparison
of Simpson’s index of diversity (SID), using both PFGE and PCR methods. PFGE by XbaI
enzyme digestion allowed for discrimination into 9 pulsotypes, with high SID values (0.991) on the
genomic DNA level. This shows that PFGE is a very discriminative genotypic tool, and also that
multiple clones of S. typhimurium isolates had existed in domestic animals and humans in Korea
since 1993. However, we could ultimately not to trace the definitive sources or animal reservoirs
of specific S. typhimurium isolates examined in this study. Depending on the SID values, the combined
method
(7 kinds of method) was found to be the most discriminative method, followed by
(in order) SERE-PCR, REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR, PFGE & OPB-17 (RAPD), P-1254 (RAPD), and
BOX-PCR at the 80% clone cut-off value. This finding suggests that the REP-PCR method
(which utilizes 4 primer types) may be an alternative tool to PFGE for the genotyping of S. typhimurium
isolates, with comparable cost, time, and labor requirement. The establishment of a highly
reliable and discriminatory method for epidemiologic analysis is considered necessary in order
for researchers to trace the sources of specific pathogens and, consequently, to control and prevent
the spread of epidemic S. typhimurium isolates to humans.
- Osmotic Tolerance Response of Salmonella typhimurium with Respect ro Growth-Phase and Identification of otr201, a rpoS-Related Gene
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Lim, Si Keun , Bang, Soo Iel , Bang, Seong Ho , Lee, Yung Nok , Park, Yong Keun
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J. Microbiol. 1995;33(1):66-73.
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Abstract
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Salmonella typhimurium can stand against and survive under lethal osmotic exposure. Two systems of osmotic tolerance response(OTR) were found to be utilized by that organism, which were possibly overlapping with each other. The first system is an induction in response to non-lethal high osmoshock(0.3~0.7 M NaCl) at log-phase. The second system is induced during famine condition of stationary-phase. The viability of wild types(UK1, LT2) under these unfavorable conditions was increased by both systems. The viability of stationary-phase cells was approximately 5-fold that of the cells adapted at log-phase. In addition, a few regulatory fenes(rpoS, fur, crp, atp), one carbonstarvation-inducible(cstA104), and an osmotic-inducible gene(proU) were found to play an important role in osmotic tolerance at both growth phases. RpoS, a putative alternative sigma factor (σ^38), was found to participate in OTR systems regardless of growth-phase, but rpoS-defective mutant could still develope the adaptive tolerance. Thus, we concluded that there is rpoS-defective and rpoS-independent systems for osmotic tolerance at both growth-phase. Of the possible otr mutants newly isolated using MudJ(Km, lac) operon fusion techniques, YK3092 (otr201::MudJ) was most sensitive to osmotic challenge regardless of growth phase. It was mapped nearby at 57 min on chromosome and showed rpoS-negative phenotypes such as no catalase activity and inability to accumulate glycogen : but was not linked to rpoS. Therefore, this result strongly suggest that otr201 might be a rpoS-related regulatory gene not gound before.