Journal of Microbiology

Review

Harnessing organelle engineering to facilitate biofuels and biochemicals production in yeast: Phuong Hoang Nguyen Tran, Taek Soon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(3):e2501006. Published online March 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501006

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Microbial biosynthesis using yeast species offers numerous advantages to produce industrially relevant biofuels and biochemicals. Conventional metabolic engineering approaches in yeast focus on biosynthetic pathways in the cytoplasm, but these approaches are disturbed by various undesired factors including metabolic crosstalk, competing pathways and insufficient precursors. Given that eukaryotic cells contain subcellular organelles with distinct physicochemical properties, an emerging strategy to overcome cytosolic pathway engineering bottlenecks is through repurposing these organelles as specialized microbial cell factories for enhanced production of valuable chemicals. Here, we review recent progress and significant outcomes of harnessing organelle engineering for biofuels and biochemicals production in both conventional and non-conventional yeasts. We highlight key engineering strategies for the compartmentalization of biosynthetic pathways within specific organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum; involved in engineering of signal peptide, cofactor and energy enhancement, organelle biogenesis and dual subcellular engineering. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of organelle engineering for future studies and propose an automated pipeline to fully exploit this approach.

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Advancing microbial engineering through synthetic biology
Ki Jun Jeong
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(3): e2503100. CrossRef

Journal Article

Genomic Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Streptococcus zhangguiae sp. nov. Isolated from the Respiratory Tract of Marmota Himalayana: Caixin Yang, Jiajia Ma, Huimin Zhou, Jing Yang, Ji Pu, Shan Lu, Dong Jin, Liyun Liu, Kui Dong, Jianguo Xu; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):951-963. Published online November 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00177-2

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Abstract: Two Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, α-hemolytic, coccus-shaped bacteria (zg-86^T and zg-70) were isolated from the respiratory tracts of marmots (Marmota Himalayana) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and 545 core genes revealed that these two strains belong to the Streptococcus genus. These strains were most closely related to Streptococcus respiraculi HTS25^T, Streptococcus cuniculi CCUG 65085^T, and Streptococcus marmotae HTS5^T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA‒DNA hybridization (dDDH) were below the threshold for species delineation. The predominant cellular fatty acids (CFAs) in this novel species were C_16:0, C_18:0, and C_18:1ω9c, whereas the primary polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and an unknown phosphoglycolipid (PGL). The optimal growth conditions for the strains were 37 °C, pH 7.0, and 0.5% (w/v) NaCl on brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood. Comparative genomics analyses revealed the potential pathogenicity of strain zg-86^T through comparisons with suis subclade strains in terms of virulence factors, pathogen-host interactions (PHIs) and mobile genetic factors (MGEs). Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that these two isolates represent novel species in the genus Streptococcus, for which the names Streptococcus zhangguiae sp. nov. (the type strain zg-86^T=GDMCC 1.1758^T=JCM 34273^T) is proposed.

Review

Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems: Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):933-950. Published online October 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00172-7

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Abstract: Many of the world's freshwater ecosystems suffer from cyanobacteria-mediated blooms and their toxins. However, a mechanistic understanding of why and how Microcystis aeruginosa dominates over other freshwater cyanobacteria during warmer summers is lacking. This paper utilizes comparative genomics with other cyanobacteria and literature reviews to predict the gene functions and genomic architectures of M. aeruginosa based on complete genomes. The primary aim is to understand this species' survival and competitive strategies in warmer freshwater environments. M. aeruginosa strains exhibiting a high proportion of insertion sequences (~ 11%) possess genomic structures with low synteny across different strains. This indicates the occurrence of extensive genomic rearrangements and the presence of many possible diverse genotypes that result in greater population heterogeneities than those in other cyanobacteria in order to increase survivability during rapidly changing and threatening environmental challenges. Catalase-less M. aeruginosa strains are even vulnerable to low light intensity in freshwater environments with strong ultraviolet radiation. However, they can continuously grow with the help of various defense genes (e.g., egtBD, cruA, and mysABCD) and associated bacteria. The strong defense strategies against biological threats (e.g., antagonistic bacteria, protozoa, and cyanophages) are attributed to dense exopolysaccharide (EPS)-mediated aggregate formation with efficient buoyancy and the secondary metabolites of M. aeruginosa cells. Our review with extensive genome analysis suggests that the ecological vulnerability of M. aeruginosa cells can be overcome by diverse genotypes, secondary defense metabolites, reinforced EPS, and associated bacteria.

Journal Articles

Saxibacter everestensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Member of the Family Brevibacteriaceae, Isolated from the North Slope of Mount Everest: Mao Tian, Shiyu Wu, Wei Zhang, Gaosen Zhang, Xue Yu, Yujie Wu, Puchao Jia, Binglin Zhang, Tuo Chen, Guangxiu Liu; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):277-284. Published online March 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00108-1

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Abstract: We isolated and analyzed a novel, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated as strain ZFBP1038(T), from rock sampled on the north slope of Mount Everest. The growth requirements of this strain were 10-37 °C, pH 4-10, and 0-6% (w/v) NaCl. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-9, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(17:0). Peptidoglycan containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, ribose, and glucose were the major cell wall sugars, while polar lipids included diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, and an unidentified glycolipid. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZFBP1038(T) has the highest similarity with Spelaeicoccus albus DSM 26341( T) (96.02%). ZFBP1038(T) formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Brevibacteriaceae and was distantly related to the genus Spelaeicoccus. The G + C content of strain ZFBP1038(T) was 63.65 mol% and the genome size was 4.05 Mb. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain ZFBP1038(T) and representative reference strains were 19.3-25.2, 68.0-71.0, and 52.8-60.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as comparative genome analyses suggested that strain ZFBP1038(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Saxibacter gen. nov., sp. nov. was assigned with the type strain Saxibacter everestensis ZFBP1038(T) (= EE 014( T) = GDMCC 1.3024( T) = JCM 35335( T)).

LAMMER Kinase Governs the Expression and Cellular Localization of Gas2, a Key Regulator of Flocculation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Won-Hwa Kang , Yoon-Dong Park , Joo-Yeon Lim , Hee-Moon Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(1):21-31. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00097-7

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Abstract: It was reported that LAMMER kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays an important role in cation-dependent and galactose-specific flocculation. Analogous to other flocculating yeasts, when cell wall extracts of the Δlkh1 strain were treated to the wild-type strain, it displayed flocculation. Gas2, a 1,3-β-glucanosyl transferase, was isolated from the EDTA-extracted cell-surface proteins in the Δlkh1 strain. While disruption of the gas2+ gene was not lethal and reduced the flocculation activity of the Δlkh1 strain, the expression of a secreted form of Gas2, in which the GPI anchor addition sequences had been removed, conferred the ability to flocculate upon the WT strain. The Gas2-mediated flocculation was strongly inhibited by galactose but not by glucose. Immunostaining analysis showed that the cell surface localization of Gas2 was crucial for the flocculation of fission yeast. In addition, we identified the regulation of mbx2+ expression by Lkh1 using RT-qPCR. Taken together, we found that Lkh1 induces asexual flocculation by regulating not only the localization of Gas2 but also the transcription of gas2+ through Mbx2.

Impact of Elevational Gradients and Chemical Parameters on Changes in Soil Bacterial Diversity Under Semiarid Mountain Region: Salman Khan , Chun Han , Awais Iqbal , Chao Guan , Changming Zhao; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):903-915. Published online November 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00085-x

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Abstract: Elevation gradients, often regarded as “natural experiments or laboratories”, can be used to study changes in the distribution of microbial diversity related to changes in environmental conditions that typically occur over small geographical scales. We obtained bacterial sequences using MiSeq sequencing and clustered them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The total number of reads obtained by the bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was 1,090,555, with an average of approximately 45,439 reads per sample collected from various elevations. The current study observed inconsistent bacterial diversity patterns in samples from the lowest to highest elevations. 983 OTUs were found common among all the elevations. The most unique OTUs were found in the soil sample from elevation_2, followed by elevation_1. Soil sample collected at elevation_6 had the least unique OTUs. Actinobacteria, Protobacteria, Chloroflexi were found most abundant bacterial phyla in current study. Ammonium nitrogen ( NH4 +-N), and total phosphate (TP) are the main factors influencing bacterial diversity at elevations_ 1. pH was the main factor influencing the bacterial diversity at elevations_2, elevation_3 and elevation_4. Our results provide new visions on forming and maintaining soil microbial diversity along an elevational gradient and have implications for microbial responses to environmental change in semiarid mountain ecosystems.

Development of a Novel D‑Lactic Acid Production Platform Based on Lactobacillus saerimneri TBRC 5746: Kitisak Sansatchanon , Pipat Sudying , Peerada Promdonkoy , Yutthana Kingcha , Wonnop Visessanguan , Sutipa Tanapongpipat , Weerawat Runguphan , Kanokarn Kocharin; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(9):853-863. Published online September 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00077-x

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Abstract

D-Lactic acid is a chiral, three-carbon organic acid, that bolsters the thermostability of polylactic acid. In this study, we developed a microbial production platform for the high-titer production of D-lactic acid. We screened 600 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and identified twelve strains that exclusively produced D-lactic acid in high titers. Of these strains, Lactobacillus saerimneri TBRC 5746 was selected for further development because of its homofermentative metabolism. We investigated the effects of high temperature and the use of cheap, renewable carbon sources on lactic acid production and observed a titer of 99.4 g/L and a yield of 0.90 g/g glucose (90% of the theoretical yield). However, we also observed L-lactic acid production, which reduced the product’s optical purity. We then used CRISPR/dCas9-assisted transcriptional repression to repress the two Lldh genes in the genome of L. saerimneri TBRC 5746, resulting in a 38% increase in D-lactic acid production and an improvement in optical purity. This is the first demonstration of CRISPR/dCas9-assisted transcriptional repression in this microbial host and represents progress toward efficient microbial production of D-lactic acid.

Citations

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Industrial–scale production of various bio–commodities by engineered microbial cell factories: Strategies of engineering in microbial robustness
Ju-Hyeong Jung, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Bartłomiej Igliński, Vinod Kumar, Grzegorz Piechota
Chemical Engineering Journal.2024; 502: 157679. CrossRef
Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability
Rida Chaudhary, Ali Nawaz, Mireille Fouillaud, Laurent Dufossé, Ikram ul Haq, Hamid Mukhtar
Microbiology Research.2024; 15(1): 247. CrossRef
Adaptive Evolution for the Efficient Production of High-Quality d-Lactic Acid Using Engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bo Jiang, Jiezheng Liu, Jingnan Wang, Guang Zhao, Zhe Zhao
Microorganisms.2024; 12(6): 1167. CrossRef
Enhancing D-lactic acid production from non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate via innovative F127-IEA hydrogel-mediated immobilization of Lactobacillus bulgaricus T15
Yuhan Zheng, Feiyang Sun, Siyi Liu, Gang Wang, Huan Chen, Yongxin Guo, Xiufeng Wang, Maia Lia Escobar Bonora, Sitong Zhang, Yanli Li, Guang Chen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Ultrasonic Treatment Enhanced Astaxanthin Production of Haematococcus pluvialis: Yun Hwan Park , Jaewon Park , Jeong Sik Choi , Hyun Soo Kim , Jong Soon Choi , Yoon-E Choi; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):633-639. Published online June 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00053-5

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Abstract

In this study, effects of ultrasonic treatment on Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) were investigated. It has been confirmed that the ultrasonic stimulation acted as stress resources in the red cyst stage H. pluvialis cells containing astaxanthin,
result
ing in additional astaxanthin production. With the increase in production of astaxanthin, the average diameter of H. pluvialis cells increased accordingly. In addition, to determine how ultrasonic stimulation had an effect on the further biosynthesis of astaxanthin, genes related to astaxanthin synthesis and cellular ROS level were measured. As a result, it was confirmed that astaxanthin biosynthesis related genes and cellular ROS levels were increased, and thus ultrasonic stimulation acts as an oxidative stimulus. These results support the notion on the effect of the ultrasonic treatment, and we believe our novel approach based on the ultrasonic treatment would help to enhance the astaxanthin production from H. pluvialis.

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Recent Advances in Astaxanthin as an Antioxidant in Food Applications
Yimeng Dang, Zhixi Li, Fanqianhui Yu
Antioxidants.2024; 13(7): 879. CrossRef
Effect of reduced atmospheric pressures on the morphology and astaxanthin biosynthesis of microalga Haematococcus lacustris
Sangui Kim, Rendi Mahadi, Aditya Lakshmi Narasimhan, Catherine Christabel, Hyoji Yu, Eui-Jin Kim, You-Kwan Oh
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering.2024; 29(6): 1131. CrossRef

Editorial

Editorial] Bacterial Regulatory Mechanisms for the Control of Cellular Processes: Simple Organisms’ Complex Regulation: Jin-Won Lee; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):273-276. Published online April 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00036-6

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Abstract

Bacteria employ a diverse array of cellular regulatory mechanisms to successfully adapt and thrive in ever-changing environments, including but not limited to temperature changes, fluctuations in nutrient availability, the presence or absence of electron acceptors such as oxygen, the availability of metal ions crucial for enzyme activity, and the existence of antibiotics. Bacteria can virtually modulate any step of gene expression from transcr!ptional initiation to posttranslational modification of a protein for the control of cellular processes. Furthermore, one gene regulator often controls another in a complex gene regulatory network. Thus, it is not easy to fully understand the intricacies of bacterial regulatory mechanisms in various environments. In this special issue, while acknowledging the challenge of covering all aspects of bacterial regulatory mechanisms across diverse environments, seven review articles are included to provide insight into the recent progress in understanding such mechanisms from different perspectives: positive regulatory mechanisms by secondary messenger (cAMP receptor protein), two-component signal transduction mechanisms (Rcs and Cpx), diverse regulatory mechanisms by a specific environmental factor in specific bacteria (oxygen availability in Mycobacterium and manganese ion availability in Salmonella), diverse regulatory mechanisms by a specific environmental factor (temperature and antibiotics), and regulatory mechanisms by antibiotics in cell wall synthesis. Bacteria, as ubiquitous organisms that can be found in almost every environment, carry out complex cellular processes that allow them to survive and thrive in a variety of different conditions despite their small size and relative simplicity. One of the key factors that allows bacteria to carry out these complex processes is their ability to regulate gene expression through various mechanisms. Gene expression is a fundamental biological process by which the genetic information encoded in a gene is transcribed into an RNA molecule and subsequently translated into a functional gene product, often a protein. Furthermore, the activity levels of proteins may further be altered by posttranslational modification. Regulation of gene expression refers to the control of the amount and timing of gene expression, and thus it can be divided into transcr!ptional, translational, and posttranslational levels.

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The PhoBR two-component system upregulates virulence in Aeromonas dhakensis C4–1
Wei Feng, Xuesong Li, Nuo Yang, Lixia Fan, Guiying Guo, Jun Xie, Xiuqing Cai, Yuqi Meng, Jifeng Zeng, Yu Han, Jiping Zheng
Aquaculture.2025; 595: 741665. CrossRef
Molecular mechanisms of cold stress response in cotton: Transcriptional reprogramming and genetic strategies for tolerance
Washu Dev, Fahmida Sultana, Hongge Li, Daowu Hu, Zhen Peng, Shoupu He, Haobo Zhang, Muhammad Waqas, Xiaoli Geng, Xiongming Du
Plant Science.2025; 352: 112390. CrossRef
PhoPQ-mediated lipopolysaccharide modification governs intrinsic resistance to tetracycline and glycylcycline antibiotics in Escherichia coli
Byoung Jun Choi, Umji Choi, Dae-Beom Ryu, Chang-Ro Lee, Mehrad Hamidian, You-Hee Cho
mSystems.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Navigating the signaling landscape of Ralstonia solanacearum: a study of bacterial two-component systems
Mohit Yadav, Janhavi Sathe, Valentina Teronpi, Aditya Kumar
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Journal Articles

Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation is required for horizontallyacquired virulence gene expression in Salmonella Typhimurium: Hyojeong Koo , Eunna Choi , Shinae Park , Eun-Jin Lee , Jung-Shin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):823-831. Published online May 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2095-y

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Abstract

Salmonella Typhimurium is a Gram-negative facultative pathogen that causes a range of diseases, from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infection in a variety of animal hosts. S. Typhimurium regulates virulence gene expression by a silencing mechanism using nucleoid-associated proteins such as Histone-like Nucleoid Structuring protein (H-NS) silencing. We hypothesize that the posttranslational modification, specifically protein acetylation, of proteins in gene silencing systems could affect the pathogenic gene expression of S. Typhimurium. Therefore, we created acetylation-deficient mutant by deleting two genes, pat and pta, which are involved in the protein acetylation pathway. We observed that the pat and pta deletion attenuates mouse virulence and also decreases Salmonella’s replication within macrophages. In addition, the Δpat Δpta strain showed a decreased expression of the horizontally-acquired virulence genes, mgtC, pagC, and ugtL, which are highly expressed in low Mg2+. The decreased virulence gene expression is possibly due to higher H-NS occupancy to those promoters because the pat and pta deletion increases H-NS occupancy whereas the same mutation decreases occupancy of RNA polymerase. Our results suggest that Pat- and Pta-mediated protein acetylation system promotes the expression of virulence genes by regulating the binding affinity of H-NS in S. Typhimurium.

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Multi-Lasso Peptide-Based Synergistic Nanocomposite: A High-Stability, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agent with Potential for Combined Antibacterial Therapy
Yu Li, Jinyu Zhang, Ke Wei, Di Zhou, Zepeng Wang, Zhiwei Zeng, Yu Han, Weisheng Cao
ACS Nano.2024; 18(45): 31435. CrossRef

Description of Polaribacter batillariae sp. nov., Polaribacter cellanae sp. nov., and Polaribacter pectinis sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from the gut of three types of South Korean shellfish: Su-Won Jeong , Jeong Eun Han , June-Young Lee , Ji-Ho Yoo , Do-Yeon Kim , In Chul Jeong , Jee-Won Choi , Yun-Seok Jeong , Jae-Yun Lee , So-Yeon Lee , Euon Jung Tak , Hojun Sung , Hyun Sik Kim , Pil Soo Kim , Dong-Wook Hyun , Jin-Woo Bae; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):576-584. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1604-3

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Abstract

Three aerobic, Gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated strains G4M1T, SM13T, and L12M9T, were isolated from the gut of Batillaria multiformis, Cellana toreuma, and Patinopecten yessoensis collected from the Yellow Sea in South Korea. All the strains grew optimally at 25°C, in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl, and at pH 7. These three strains, which belonged to the genus Polaribacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae, shared < 98.8% in 16S rRNA gene sequence and < 86.68% in whole-genome sequence with each other. Compared with the type strains of Polaribacter, isolates showed the highest sequence similarity to P. haliotis KCTC 52418T (< 98.68%), followed by P. litorisediminis KCTC 52500T (< 98.13%). All the strains contained MK-6 as their predominant menaquinone and iso-C15:0 as their major fatty acid. Moreover, all the strains had phosphatidylethanolamine as their polar lipid component. In addition, strain G4M1T had two unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids, strain SM13T had three unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids, and strain L12M9T had three unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G + C contents of strains G4M1T, SM13T, and L12M9T were 31.0, 30.4, and 29.7 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic findings, strains G4M1T (= KCTC 82388T = DSM 112372T), SM13T (= KCTC 82389T = DSM 112373T), and L12M9T (= KCTC 62751T = DSM 112374T) were classified into the genus Polaribacter as the type strains of novel species, for which the names Polaribacter batillariae sp. nov., Polaribacter cellanae sp. nov., and Polaribacter pectinis sp. nov., respectively, have been proposed.

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Polaribacter uvawellassae sp. nov., a Member of the Family Flavobacteriaceae Isolated from Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)
W. M. Lakshani Anuradha Wanasinghe, Wang Xin, Yuan Siliang, Dongru Qiu
Current Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Unique skin microbiome: insights to understanding bacterial symbionts in octopuses
Chelsea O. Bennice, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, W. Randy Brooks, Jose V. Lopez
Frontiers in Marine Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from aquatic host species described in 2022–2023
Claire R. Burbick, Sara D. Lawhon, Brittany Bukouras, Giovanna Lazzerini, Erik Munson, Romney M. Humphries
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Polaribacter undariae as a later heterotypic synonym of Polaribacter sejongensis, and emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis Kim et al. 2013
Ju Hye Baek, Mahrukh Butt, Dong Min Han, Jeong Min Kim, Seohui Choi, Che Ok Jeon
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Rhodobacteraceae are Prevalent and Ecologically Crucial Bacterial Members in Marine Biofloc Aquaculture
Meora Rajeev, Jang-Cheon Cho
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 985. CrossRef
Validation List no. 207. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, George Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Nocardioides palaemonis sp. nov. and Tessaracoccus palaemonis sp. nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of lake prawn
Do-Yeon Kim, In-Chul Jeong, So-Yeon Lee, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jeong Eun Han, Euon Jung Tak, June-Young Lee, Pil Soo Kim, Dong-Wook Hyun, Jin-Woo Bae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Activity of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from vaginal microbiota against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Youngkyoung Lee , Hoonhee Seo , Sukyung Kim Abdur Rahim , Youjin Yoon , Jehee Jung , Saebim Lee , Chang Beom Ryu , Ho-Yeon Song; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1019-1030. Published online November 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1332-0

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Abstract

Tuberculosis, an infectious disease, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It remains a significant public health issue around the globe, causing about 1.8 million deaths every year. Drug-resistant M. tuberculosis, including multi-drug-resistant (MDR), extremely-drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drugresistant (TDR) M. tuberculosis, continues to be a threat to public health. In the case of antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis, the treatment effect of conventional antibiotics is low. Side effects caused by high doses over a long period are causing severe problems. To overcome these problems, there is an urgent need to develop a new anti-tuberculosis drug that is different from the existing compound-based antibiotics. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms conferring health benefits. They can be potential therapeutic agents in this context as the effectiveness of probiotics against different infectious diseases has been well established. Here, we report that Lactobacillus crispatus PMC201 shows a promising effect on tuberculosis isolated from vaginal fluids of healthy Korean women. Lactobacillus crispatus PMC201 reduced M. tuberculosis H37Rv under co-culture conditions in broth and reduced M. tuberculosis H37Rv and XDR M. tuberculosis in macrophages. Lactobacillus crispatus PMC201 was not toxic to a guinea pig model and did not induce dysbiosis in a human intestinal microbial ecosystem simulator. Taken together, these
results
indicate that L. crispatus PMC201 can be a promising alternative drug candidate in the current tuberculosis drug regime. Further study is warranted to assess the in vivo efficacy and confirm the mode of action of L. crispatus PMC201.

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Exploring the potential of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus PMC203 in inducing autophagy to reduce the burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Md Abdur Rahim, Hoonhee Seo, Sukyung Kim, Indrajeet Barman, Fatemeh Ghorbanian, Mohammed Solayman Hossain, Md Sarower Hossen Shuvo, Saebim Lee, Ho-Yeon Song
Medical Microbiology and Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of lyophilized Lactobacillus sakei as a potential candidate for preventing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella infection
Hanieh Tajdozian, Hoonhee Seo, Yoonkyoung Jeong, Fatemeh Ghorbanian, Chae-eun Park, Faezeh Sarafraz, Md Abdur Rahim, Youngkyoung Lee, Sukyung Kim, Saebim Lee, Jung-Hyun Ju, Chul-Ho Kim, Ho-Yeon Song
Annals of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Probiotic Strains with Anti-Tuberculosis Activity and Their Characterization as Potential Therapeutic Agents
Mohammed Solayman Hossain, Hoonhee Seo, Md Abdur Rahim, Md Sarower Hossen Shuvo, Indrajeet Barman, Hokyoung Kim, Jinhyeon An, Sukyung Kim, Ho-Yeon Song
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2024; 54(4): 325. CrossRef
The gut and lung microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis: susceptibility, function, and new insights into treatment
Qiqi Zhuo, Xianyi Zhang, Kehong Zhang, Chan Chen, Zhen Huang, Yuzhong Xu
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2023; 21(12): 1355. CrossRef
Host microbiome in tuberculosis: disease, treatment, and immunity perspectives
Archana Pant, Bhabatosh Das, Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar Arimbasseri
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents
Roberto Arrigoni, Andrea Ballini, Skender Topi, Lucrezia Bottalico, Emilio Jirillo, Luigi Santacroce
Antibiotics.2022; 11(10): 1431. CrossRef
In Vivo Efficacy of Bacillus velezensis Isolated from Korean Gochang Bokbunja Vinegar against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections
Fatemeh Ghorbanian, Hoonhee Seo, Hanieh Tajdozian, Youngkyoung Lee, MD Abdur Rahim, Sukyung Kim, Il-Yun Jung, Saebim Lee, Ho-Yeon Song
Polish Journal of Microbiology.2022; 71(4): 553. CrossRef

Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 isolated in Brazil revealed to be more invasive and inflammatory in murine colon compared to ST19 strains: Amanda Aparecida Seribelli , Tamara R. Machado Ribeiro , Patrick da Silva† , Isabela Mancini Martins , Felipe Pinheiro Vilela , Marta I. Cazentini Medeiros , Kamila Chagas Peronni , Wilson Araújo da Silva Junior , Cristiano Gallina Moreira , Juliana Pfrimer Falcão; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(9):861-870. Published online August 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1082-z

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Abstract

Salmonella Typhimurium (ST313) has caused an epidemic of invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa and has been recently identified in Brazil. As the virulence of this ST is poorly understood, the present study aimed to (i) perform the RNAseq in vitro of S. Typhimurium STm30 (ST313) grown in Luria-Bertani medium at 37°C; (ii) compare it with the RNAseq of the S. Typhimurium SL1344 (ST19) and S. Typhimurium STm11 (ST19) strains under the same growing conditions; and (iii) examine the colonization capacity and expression of virulence genes and cytokines in murine colon. The STm30 (ST313) strain exhibited stronger virulence and was associated with a more inflammatory profile than the strains SL1344 (ST19) and STm11 (ST19), as demonstrated by transcriptome and in vivo assay. The expression levels of the hilA, sopD2, pipB, and ssaS virulence genes, other Salmonella pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 genes or effectors, and genes of the cytokines IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-12 were increased during ST313 infection in C57BL/6J mice. In conclusion, S. Typhimurium STm30 (ST313) isolated from human feces in Brazil express higher levels of pathogenesis- related genes at 37°C and has stronger colonization and invasion capacity in murine colon due to its high expression levels of virulence genes, when compared with the S. Typhimurium SL1344 (ST19) and STm11 (ST19) strains. STm30 (ST313) also induces stronger expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this organ, suggesting that it causes more extensive tissue damage.

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Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 and ST19 Lineages
Zhen-xu Zhuo, Yu-lian Feng, Xi-wei Zhang, Hao Liu, Fang-yin Zeng, Xiao-yan Li
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(10): 859. CrossRef
Incremental increases in physiological fluid shear progressively alter pathogenic phenotypes and gene expression in multidrug resistant Salmonella
Jiseon Yang, Jennifer Barrila, Eric A. Nauman, Seth D. Nydam, Shanshan Yang, Jin Park, Ami D. Gutierrez-Jensen, Christian L. Castro, C. Mark Ott, Kristina Buss, Jason Steel, Anne D. Zakrajsek, Mary M. Schuff, Cheryl A. Nickerson
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Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) aminoglycoside-resistant ST313 isolates feature unique pathogenic mechanisms to reach the bloodstream
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Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi: Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):460-466. Published online April 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0513-1

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Abstract

To date, all species in the genus Salicibibacter have been isolated in Korean commercial kimchi. We aimed to describe the taxonomic characteristics of two strains, NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T, isolated from commercial kimchi collected from various regions in the Republic of Korea. Cells of these strains were rod-shaped, Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, non-motile, halophilic, and alkalitolerant. Both strains, unlike other species of the genus Salicibibacter, could not grow without NaCl. Strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T could tolerate up to 25.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10%) and grow at pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum 8.5) and 8.0–9.0 (optimum 8.5), respectively; they showed 97.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other and were most closely related to S. kimchii NKC1-1T (97.0% and 96.8% similarity, respectively). The genome of strain NKC5-3T was nearly 4.6 Mb in size, with 4,456 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), whereas NKC21-4T genome was nearly 3.9 Mb in size, with 3,717 CDSs. OrthoANI values between the novel strains and S. kimchii NKC1-1T were far lower than the species demarcation threshold. NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T clustered together to form branches that were distinct from the other Salicibibacter species. The major fatty acids in these strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7. The polar lipids of NKC5-3T included diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and five unidentified phospholipids (PL), and those of NKC21-4T included DPG, PG, seven unidentified PLs, and an unidentified lipid. Both isolates had DPG, which is the first case in the genus Salicibibacter. The genomic G + C content of strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T was 44.7 and 44.9 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains NKC5-3T (= KACC 22040T = DSM 111417T) and NKC21-4T (= KACC 22041T = DSM 111418T) represent two novel species of the genus Salicibibacter, for which the names Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov. are proposed.

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Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Role of melatonin in murine “restraint stress”-induced dysfunction of colonic microbiota: Rutao Lin , Zixu Wang , Jing Cao , Ting Gao , Yulan Dong , Yaoxing Chen; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):500-512. Published online February 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0305-7

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Abstract

Intestinal diseases caused by physiological stress have become a severe public health threat worldwide. Disturbances in the gut microbiota-host relationship have been associated with irritable bowel disease (IBD), while melatonin (MT) has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which MT-mediated protection mitigated stress-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. We successfully established a murine restraint stress model with and without MT supplementation. Mice subjected to restraint stress had significantly elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels, decreased MT levels in their plasma, elevated colonic ROS levels and increased bacterial abundance, including Bacteroides and Tyzzerella, in their colon tract, which led to elevated expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4, p-P65 and p-IκB. In contrast, supplementation with 20 mg/kg MT reversed the elevation of the plasma CORT levels, downregulated the colon ROS levels and inhibited the changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by restraint stress. These effects, in turn, inhibited the activities of TLR2 and TLR4, p-P65 and p-IκB, and decreased the inflammatory reaction induced by restraint stress. Our results suggested that MT may mitigate “restraint stress”-induced colonic microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

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