Yongchao Guan , Meng Zhang , Yingda Wang , Zhongzhuo Liu , Zelin Zhao , Hong Wang , Dingjie An , Aidong Qian , Yuanhuan Kang , Wuwen Sun , Xiaofeng Shan
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1153-1161. Published online November 10, 2022
Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen which can induce diseases in
humans, animals and aquatic organisms, but its pathogenic
mechanism and virulence factors are still elusive. In this study,
we successfully constructed a mutant strain (ΔascP) by homologous
recombination. The results showed that the deletion
of the ascP gene significantly down-regulated the expression
of associated effector proteins in A. veronii compared
to its wild type. The adhesive and invasive abilities of ΔascP to
EPC cells were 0.82-fold lower in contrast to the wild strain.
The toxicity of ΔascP to cells was decreased by about 2.91-fold
(1 h) and 1.74-fold (2 h). Furthermore, the LD50 of the mutant
strain of crucian carp was reduced by 19.94-fold, and
the virulence was considerably attenuated. In contrast to the
wild strain, the ΔascP content in the liver and spleen was considerably
lower. The titers of serum cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α,
and IL-1β) in crucian carp after the infection of the ΔascP strain
were considerably lower in contrast to the wild strain. Hence,
the ascP gene is essential for the etiopathogenesis of A. veronii
TH0426.
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Histone acetylation/deacetylation represent a general and
efficient epigenetic mechanism through which fungal cells control
gene expression. Here we report developmental requirement
of MoHOS2-mediated histone deacetylation (HDAC)
for the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Structural similarity
and nuclear localization indicated that MoHOS2 is an
ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hos2, which is a member
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Deletion of MoHOS2 led to 25% reduction in HDAC
activity, compared to the wild-type, confirming that it is a
bona-fide HDAC. Lack of MoHOS2 caused decrease in radial
growth and impinged dramatically on asexual sporulation.
Such reduction in HDAC activity and phenotypic defects of
ΔMohos2 were recapitulated by a single amino acid change
in conserved motif that is known to be important for HDAC
activity. Expression analysis revealed up-regulation of MoHOS2
and concomitant down-regulation of some of the key genes
involved in asexual reproduction under sporulation-promoting
condition. In addition, the deletion mutant exhibited defect
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hyphae. As a result, ΔMohos2 was not able to cause disease
symptoms. Wound-inoculation showed that the mutant is
compromised in its ability to grow inside host plants as well.
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effector genes are de-regulated in the mutant. Taken together,
our data suggest that MoHOS2-dependent histone deacetylation
is pivotal for proper timing and induction of transcription
of the genes that coordinate developmental changes
and host infection in M. oryzae.
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Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the major
etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma,
and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Recent studies
have indicated that KSHV can be detected at high frequency
in patient-derived bladder cancer tissue and might be associated
with the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer
is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary
tract, and it has a high rate of recurrence. Because drug resistance
is closely related to chemotherapy failure and cancer
recurrence, we investigated whether KSHV infection is associated
with drug resistance of bladder cancer cells. Some
KSHV-infected bladder cancer cell lines showed resistance to
an anti-cancer drug, cisplatin, possibly as a result of downregulation
of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, drug resistance
acquired from KSHV infection could partly be overcome
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