Review
- REVIEW] H5 influenza, a global update
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Rhodri Harfoot , Richard J. Webby
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J. Microbiol. 2017;55(3):196-203. Published online February 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7062-7
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Abstract
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H5 influenza viruses have caused much alarm globally due
to their high pathogenic potential. As yet we have not seen
sustained spread of the virus amongst humans despite a high
prevalence of the virus in avian populations. Nevertheless,
isolated human cases of infection have demonstrated high
mortality and there are substantial efforts being taken to
monitor the evolution of the virus and to undertake preparedness
activities. Here we review and discuss the evolution of
the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) virus with emphasis
on recent events.
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Citations
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Genome Sequence Analysis of H5N1 Influenza A Virus Isolated from a Vietnamese in 2007
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Dieu Linh Tran , Kangmo Kim , Jae Yoo Choi , Hyun Dong Paik , Si-Woo Choi , Jin Yeul Ma , Sung-Soon Kim , Sung Joon Ahn , Young Bong Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(2):274-279. Published online May 3, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0311-2
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Abstract
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Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A virus (AIV) crossed the species barrier and caused a number of deaths in humans in Vietnam and 14 other countries. Since the last report of human H5N1 infection in November 2005, the first documented H5N1 human infection was reported in June 2007 in Vietnam and was followed by 7 more cases, including 5 fatalities. In this study, we isolated and analyzed the full length of the H5N1 genome from a sample from the first patient in 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of eight genomic segments of the H5N1 virus strain (A/Vietnam/HN/2007, VNH07) revealed that this strain appears to be of genotype V and contains the HA gene, which is classified into clade 2.3.4. The deduced amino acid sequence of the HA protein has a typical affinity sequence for α2,3 linkage (SAα2,3-Gal) receptors
and typical multibasic cleavage sequences. Compared with other H5N1 isolates, VNH07 showed that the possible reassortments for the NA and NP segments occurred between A/goose/Guangxi/3017/2005-like isolates (2.3.2) and A/human/Zhejiang/16/2006-like isolates (2.3.4).
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Pre-pandemic H5N1 Vaccine (MG1109) in Mouse and Ferret Models
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Min-Suk Song , Ho-Jin Moon , Hyeok-il Kwon , Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua , Jun Han Lee , Yun Hee Baek , Kyu-Jin Woo , Juhee Choi , Sangho Lee , Hyunseung Yoo , In gyeong Oh , Yeup Yoon , Jong-Bok Rho , Moon-Hee Sung , Seung-Pyo Hong , Chul-Joong Kim , Young Ki Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):487-488.
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Abstract
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The threat of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus causing the next pandemic remains a major concern. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated whole-virus H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine (MG1109) formulated by Green Cross Co., Ltd containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the clade 1 A/Vietnam/1194/04 virus in the backbone of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34). Administration of the MG1109 vaccine (2-doses) in mice and ferrets elicited high HI and SN titers in a dose-dependent manner against the homologous (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34) and various heterologous H5N1 strains, (RgKor/W149/06xPR8/34, RgCambodia/04xPR8/34, RgGuangxi/05xPR8/34), including a heterosubtypic H5N2 (A/Aquatic bird/orea/W81/05) virus. However, efficient cross-reactivity was not observed against heterosubtypic H9N2 (A/Ck/Korea/H0802/08) and H1N1 (PR/8/34) viruses. Mice immunized with 1.9 μg HA/dose of MG1109 were completely protected from lethal challenge with heterologous wild-type HPAI H5N1 A/EM/Korea/W149/06 (clade 2.2) and mouse-adapted H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, ferrets administered at least 3.8 μg HA/dose efficiently suppressed virus growth in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Vaccinated mice and ferrets also demonstrated attenuation of clinical disease signs and limited virus spread to other organs. Thus, this vaccine provided immunogenic responses in mouse and ferret models even against challenge with heterologous HPAI H5N1 and H5N2 viruses. Since the specific strain of HPAI H5N1 virus that would potentially cause the next outbreak is unknown, pre-pandemic vaccine preparation that could provide crossprotection against various H5 strains could be a useful approach in the selection of promising candidate vaccines in the future.