Xing Chen , Hong Du , Si Chen , Xiaoli Li , Huaxian Zhao , Qiangsheng Xu , Jinli Tang , Gonglingxia Jiang , Shuqi Zou , Ke Dong , Jonathan M. Adams , Nan Li , Chengjian Jiang
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):998-1009. Published online October 23, 2020
Members of the genus Vibrio are ubiquitous in aquatic environments
and can be found either in a culturable or a viable
but nonculturable (VBNC) state. Despite widespread concerns
as to how to define the occurrence and dynamics of
Vibrio populations by culture-independent approaches, further
physiological research and relevant biotechnological
developments will require the isolation and cultivation of the
microbes from various environments. The present work provides
data and perspectives on our understanding of culturable
Vibrio community structure and diversity in the Beibu
Gulf. Finally, we isolated 1,037 strains of Vibrio from 45 samples
and identified 18 different species. Vibrio alginolyticus,
V. cyclitrophicus, V. tasmaniensis, V. brasiliensis, and V. splendidus
were the dominant species that had regional distribution
characteristics. The correlation between the quantitative
distribution and community structure of culturable Vibrio and
environmental factors varied with the Vibrio species and geographical
locations. Among them, salinity, nitrogen, and phosphorus
were the main factors affecting the diversity of culturable
Vibrio. These results help to fill a knowledge gap on
Vibrio diversity and provide data for predicting and controlling
pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks in the Beibu Gulf.
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EAST1 is produced by a subset of enteroaggregative Escherichia
coli strains. This toxin is a 38-amino acid peptide of 4100
Da. It shares 50% homology with the enterotoxic domain of
STa and interacts with the same receptor. The mechanism
of action of EAST1is proposed to be identical to that of STa
eliciting a cGMP increase. EAST1 is associated with diarrheal
disease in Man and various animal species including cattle
and swine. Nevertheless, as EAST1-positive strains as well as
culture supernatants did not provoke unequivocally diarrhea
either in animal models or in human volunteers, the role of
this toxin in disease is today still debated. This review intent
is to examine the role of EAST1 toxin in diarrheal illnesses.
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