Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Transcriptomic Insights into Archaeal Nitrification in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Joo-Han Gwak , Samuel Imisi Awala , So-Jeong Kim , Sang-Hoon Lee , Eun-Jin Yang , Jisoo Park , Jinyoung Jung , Sung-Keun Rhee; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(11):967-980. Published online December 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00090-0

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Antarctic polynyas have the highest Southern Ocean summer primary productivity, and due to anthropogenic climate change, these areas have formed faster recently. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most ubiquitous and abundant microorganisms in the ocean and play a primary role in the global nitrogen cycle. We utilized metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to gain insights into the physiology and metabolism of AOA in polar oceans, which are associated with ecosystem functioning. A polar-specific ecotype of AOA, from the “Candidatus Nitrosomarinus”-like group, was observed to be dominant in the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP), West Antarctica, during a succession of summer phytoplankton blooms. AOA had the highest transcriptional activity among prokaryotes during the bloom decline phase (DC). Metatranscriptomic analysis of key genes involved in ammonia oxidation, carbon fixation, transport, and cell division indicated that this polar AOA ecotype was actively involved in nitrification in the bloom DC in the ASP. This study revealed the physiological and metabolic traits of this key polar-type AOA in response to phytoplankton blooms in the ASP and provided insights into AOA functions in polar oceans.

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Alleviated photoinhibition on nitrification in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean
Lingfang Fan, Min Chen, Zifei Yang, Minfang Zheng, Yusheng Qiu
Acta Oceanologica Sinica.2024; 43(7): 52. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The effect of the cwf14 gene of fission yeast on cell wall integrity is associated with rho1: Dong-Uk Kim , Shinae Maeng , Hyemi Lee , Miyoung Nam , Sook-Jeong Lee , Kwang-Lae Hoe; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(2):98-105. Published online February 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5569-y

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Abstract

In all eukaryotic organisms, a wide range of morphologies are responsible for critical cellular function and development. In particular, the Rho GTPases, which are highly conserved from yeast to mammals, are key molecules in signaling pathways that control cell polarity processes and cell wall biosynthesis, which are fundamental aspects of morphogenesis. Therefore, using haploinsufficiency deletion mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we screened the slow-growing mutants and their morphogenesis, specifically focusing on regulation of their Rho GTPases. Based on this screening, we found that the cwf14 mutant of S. pombe exhibited the slow growth and abnormal phenotypes with an elongated cell shape and thicker cell wall when compared with wild-type cells. In particular, cells with the cwf14 deletion showed excessive Rho1 expression. However, the wildtype strain with ectopically expressed Rho1 did not exhibited any significant change in the level of cwf14, suggesting that cwf14 may act on the upstream of Rho1. Furthermore, the cells with a cwf14 deletion also have increased sensitivity to β-glucanase, a cell wall-digesting enzyme, which is also seen in Rho1-overexpressing cells. Overall, our results suggest that the cwf14 plays a key role in fission yeast morphogenesis and cell wall biosynthesis and/or degradation possibly via the regulation of Rho1 expression.

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Transcriptome of Nosema ceranae and Upregulated Microsporidia Genes during Its Infection of Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
Yi-Hsuan Li, Zih-Ting Chang, Ming-Ren Yen, Yu-Feng Huang, Tzu-Han Chen, Ju-Chun Chang, Ming-Cheng Wu, Yu-Liang Yang, Yue-Wen Chen, Yu-Shin Nai
Insects.2022; 13(8): 716. CrossRef
Proteomic profiling and glycomic analysis of the yeast cell wall in strains with Aflatoxin B1 elimination ability
Beatriz García‐Béjar, Rebecca A. Owens, Ana Briones, María Arévalo‐Villena
Environmental Microbiology.2021; 23(9): 5305. CrossRef

Journal Article

Characterization of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) Produced by Weissella hellenica SKkimchi3 Isolated from Kimchi: Min Ju Kim , Ha Na Seo , Tae Sik Hwang , Sung Hun Lee , Doo Hyun Park; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(5):535-541. Published online October 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0134-y

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Abstract: Weissella hellenica SKkimchi3 produces the higher exopolysaccharide (EPS) on sucrose than lactose, glucose, and fructose at pH 5 and 20°C. Sucrose was exclusively used to cultivate SKkimchi3 in all experiments base on the EPS production tests. The molecular mass of EPS, as determined by gel permeation chromatography, was 203,000. 1H and 13C NMR analysis indicated that the identity of EPS may be a glucan. When EPS, starch, and cellulose was treated with α-amylase, glucoamylase, glucosidase, and cellulase, glucose was produced from starch and cellulose but was not produced from EPS. Based on HPLC analysis, elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR analysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis tests, EPS was estimated to be a glucan. EPS suspension was not precipitated even by centrifugation at 10,000×g for 60 min, and EPS made the fermented milk and bacterial culture viscous.

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