- Isolation and Characterization of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-degrading Bacteria from Paddy Soils
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Chung, Min Jae , Ka, Jong Ok
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J. Microbiol. 1998;36(4):256-261.
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 Abstract
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Nine numerically dominant 2,4-dichlorophenocyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria were isolated from rice field soils. Most of the isolates were identified as Brukholderia of Sphingomonas species by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, and they exhibited diverse chromosomal DNA patterns in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences. The isolates utilized 2,4-D as the sole source of carbon and two Sphingomonas species were capable of mineralizing both 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB) and 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CB), in addition to 2,4-D. Plasmid DNAs were detected from all of the isolates, and conjugation analysis revealed that 2,4-D degradative genes were located on transferable plasmids in most of the isolates.
PCR analysis with specific primers selected from tfd genes showed that 67% of the isolates had DNA sequences homologous to the five tfd genes of the 2,4-D degradative plasmid pJP4 of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134. Among the isolates, strain TFD7 appeared to be a new genotype in that it contained a transmissible 2,4-D degradative plasmid nonhomologous to the tfd genes. 2,4-D was persistent in natural paddy soils which contained no indigenous 2,4-D-degrading microorganisms, but the application of the 2,4-D-degrading isolates resulted in rapid decline of the soil 2,4-D residues.
- Identification and Characterization of Aniline-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil and Wastewater
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Shin, Se Young , Chung, Min Jae , Yi, Haak Rho , Kim, Chi Kyung , Min, Kyung Hee , Ka, Jong Ok
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J. Microbiol. 1998;36(2):80-85.
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Twenty two aniline-degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil and wastewater. The isolates were able to utilize aniline as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. A total of 45% of the isolates were identified to the species level by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis; the isolates were found to be strains of the Burkholderia, Nocardia, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus species. Their chromosomal patterns, obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive extrogenic palindromic(REP) sequences, were distinct from each other. Plasmid DNAs were detected from 45% of the isolates, but only one strain, ANL5, was shown to have a transmissible, aniline degradative plasmid. The isolates were very restricted in their substrate utilization abilities. Aniline degradative enzymes were inducible by the presence of aniline, and most of the isolates appeared to mineralize aniline through an ortho-cleavage path-way using catechol 1,2-dioxygenase.
- Isolation and characterization of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria from agricultural soils
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Chung, Min Jae , Shin, Se Young , Park, Yong Keun , Min, Kyung Hee , Ka, Jong Ok
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J. Microbiol. 1997;35(2):117-122.
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Several dominant 4-CPA-degrading bacteria were isoalted from agricultural soils. Most of the isolates were identified as Burkholderia species by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, but they were distinct in chromosomal patterns obtained by PCR amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences. These strains were generally restricted in their substrate utilization capabilities. The 4-CPA degradative enzymes were idnducible by 4-CPA and some isolates appeared to mineralize 4-CPA via formation of 4-chlorophenol and 4-chlorocatechol as intermediates during its biodegradation pathway. Plasmid DNAs were not detected from most of the isolates and their 4-CPA genes wer on the chromosomal DAN. The 4-CPA degradation patterns in axenic cultures and natural soils varied depending on the strains and soils. The inoculation of 4-CPA degraders much improved the removal of 4-CPA from the 4-CPA treated soils.
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