- A Potent Brucella abortus 2308 Δery Live Vaccine Allows for the Differentiation between Natural and Vaccinated Infection
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Junbo Zhang , Shuanghong Yin , Fei Guo , Ren Meng , Chuangfu Chen , Hui Zhang , Zhiqiang Li , Qiang Fu , Huijun Shi , Shengwei Hu , Wei Ni , Tiansen Li , Ke Zhang
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(8):681-688. Published online July 4, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3689-9
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Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. However, the current Brucella abortus vaccines (S19 and RB51) are deficient; they can cause abortion in pregnant animals. Moreover, when the
vaccine S19 is used, tests cannot differentiate natural from vaccinated infection. Therefore, a safer and more potent vaccine is needed. A Brucella abortus 2308 ery promoter mutant (Δery) was constructed to overcome these drawbacks. The growth of the Δery mutant was significantly attenuated in macrophages and mice and induced high protective immunity in mice. Moreover, Δery induced an anti-Brucellaspecific IgG (immunoglobulin G) response and stimulated the expression of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Furthermore, the expression of EryA antigen allowed for the serological differentiation between natural and vaccinated infection in mice. These results indicate that the Δery mutant is a potential attenuated live vaccine candidate against virulent Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) infection.
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- Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection Induces Autophagy in MDBK Cells
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Qiang Fu , Huijun Shi , Yan Ren , Fei Guo , Wei Ni , Jun Qiao , Pengyan Wang , Hui Zhang , Chuangfu Chen
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(7):619-625. Published online June 28, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3479-4
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Pestivirus (Flaviviridae). The signaling pathways and levels of signaling molecules are altered in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells infected with BVDV. Autophagy is a conservative biological degradation pathway that mainly eliminates and degrades damaged or superfluous organelles and macromolecular complexes for intracellular recycling in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy can also be induced as an effective response to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to different stresses, such as nutrient or growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species exposure and pathogen infection. However, the effects of BVDV infection on autophagy inMDBK cells remain unclear. Therefore, we performed an analysis of autophagic activity after BVDV NADL infection using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and Western blotting analysis. The results demonstrated that BVDV NADL infection increased autophagic activity and significantly elevated the expression levels of the autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and ATG14 inMDBK cells. However, the knockdown of Beclin1 and ATG14 by RNA interference (RNAi) did not affect BVDV NADL infection-related autophagic activity. These findings provided a novel perspective to elaborate the effects of viral infection on the host cells.
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