- Isolation and genome analysis of Winogradskyella algicola sp. nov., the dominant bacterial species associated with the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta
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Jaeho Song , Yeonjung Lim , Hye-Jin Jang , Yochan Joung , Ilnam Kang , Seong-Joo Hong , Choul-Gyun Lee , Jang-Cheon Cho
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(11):982-990. Published online October 28, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9378-y
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Microalgae and bacteria are known to be closely associated in
diverse environments. To isolate dominant bacterial species
associated with a green alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta, a photoreactor
culture of the microalga was investigated using culture-
based and culture-independent approaches. The bacterial
community structure of the algal culture showed that
the most abundant bacterial species under the culture conditions
was related to the genus Winogradskyella. The closely
related amplicon sequences, showing ≥ 99.5% 16S rRNA gene
sequence similarity to one of the isolates, designated IMCC-
33238T, constituted > 49% of the bacterial community and
was therefore regarded as the most dominant species in the
algal culture. Strain IMCC33238T was characterized by Gramstaining-
negative and orange-colored rods. Phylogenetic analyses
of the 16S rRNA genes as well as whole genome sequences
revealed that strain IMCC33238T belonged to Winogradskyella
and shared more than 97.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence
similarity with Winogradskyella species. The strain
contained iso-C15:1 G, iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, and summed
feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) as major fatty acids and
MK-6 as the predominant quinone. The polar lipids found
in strain IMCC33238T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two
unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. The
genome of strain IMCC33238T was 3.37 Mbp in size with
33.9 mol% G + C content and proteorhodopsin. Many genes
encoding folate and vitamin production are considered to play
an important role in the bacteria-algae interaction. On the
basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain
IMCC33238T represents a novel species in the genus Winogradskyella,
for which the name Winogradskyella algicola sp.
nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC33238T (= KACC
21192T = NBRC 113704T).
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):773-776. Published online December 19, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3256-9
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Non-food-based biofuel feedstocks are in high demand
worldwide. Among the various feedstocks, microalgae are
the most promising feedstock for mitigating atmospheric
CO2 and producing biodiesel. In this study, various concentrations
of CO2, from 0.03 to 12%, were used to investigate
their effect on the cell growth, biomass and lipid production
and fatty acid composition of Dunaliella sp. in a
closed photobioreactor. The results showed that the highest
biomass and total lipids, 521 mg/L/d and 40 mg/L/d, respectively,
were produced with 5% CO2 aeration during the
logarithmic growth phase. The oleic acid (18:1n9c) and elaidic
acid (18:1n9t) contents were increased approximately
two fold. The physiological responses of Dunaliella sp. at
10% CO2 were similar to those at 5% CO2. Therefore, the
present results suggest that 5–10% is a suitable CO2 concentration
range for Dunaliella sp. growth to mitigate atmospheric
CO2 and increase biofuel production.
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