- Genetic characterization of African swine fever virus in Cameroon, 2010–2018
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Abel Wade , Jenna Elizabeth Achenbach , Carmina Gallardo , Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli , Abdoulkadiri Souley , Gaston Djonwe , Angelika Loitsch , Gwenaelle Dauphin , Jean Justin Essia Ngang , Onana Boyomo , Giovanni Cattoli , Adama Diallo , Charles Euloge Lamien
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):316-324. Published online March 30, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8457-4
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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal haemorrhagic
disease in domestic and wild swine that has acquired great
importance in sub-Saharan Africa since 1997. ASF was first
reported in Cameroon in 1982 and was detected only in Southern
Cameroon (South, West, East, Northwest, Southwest,
Littoral, and Centre regions) until February 2010 when suspected
ASF outbreaks were reported in the North and Far
North regions. We investigated those outbreaks by analysing
samples that were collected from sick pigs between 2010 and
2018. We confirmed 428 positive samples by ELISA and realtime
PCR and molecularly characterized 48 representative
isolates. All the identified virus isolates were classified as ASFV
genotype I based on the partial B646L gene (C-terminal end
of VP72 gene) and the full E183L gene encoding p54 protein
analysis. Furthermore, analysis of the central variable region
(CVR) within the B602L gene demonstrated that there were
3 different variants of ASFV genotype I, with 19, 20, and 21
tetrameric tandem repeat sequences (TRSs), that were involved
in the 2010–2018 outbreaks in Cameroon. Among
them, only variant A (19 TRSs) was identical to the Cam/82
isolate found in the country during the first outbreaks in 1981–1982. This study demonstrated that the three variants
of ASFV isolates involved in these outbreaks were similar to
those of neighbouring countries, suggesting a movement of
ASFV strains across borders. Designing common control
measures in affected regions and providing a compensation
programme for farmers will help reduce the incidence and
spread of this disease.
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Citations
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